Connective Tissue

Question 1

Where are some places in the body that CT can be found?

Answer 1

Padding
Fascia
Underneath Epithelium

Question 2

What are the main functions of CT

Answer 2

Structural
Support
Metabolic
Defense

Question 3

What is the primitive form of CT found in the early embryo

Answer 3

Mesenchyme

Question 4

What two types of cells combine to form the mesenchyme?

Answer 4

Mesodermal and Specific Neural Crest Cells

Question 5

What are the components of CT?

Answer 5

Cells
ECM
Ground Substance
Fibers

Question 6

What are the 3 components of the ground substance?

Answer 6

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Proteoglycans
Proteoglycan aggregate

Question 7

What is the name for the bottle brush molecules that combine all of the subunits of the Ground Substance?

Answer 7

Proteoglycan aggregate

Question 8

What is the “backbone” of the proteoglycan aggregate

Answer 8

Hyaluronic acid

Question 9

What are the branches of the Proteoglycan Aggregate?

Answer 9

Proteoglycans

Question 10

What are the leaves/needles of the proteoglycan aggregate?

Answer 10

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 11

What is the function of the glycosaminoglycans?

Answer 11

They are negatively charged and attract water to form a gel that is difficult to compress

Question 12

What are the two adhesive glycoproteins that are involved in cell communication?

Answer 12

Fibronectin

Laminin

Question 13

Where can Laminin be found in the epithelia?

Answer 13

It is part of the basal lamina

Question 14

How can tissue fluid be described?

Answer 14

A blood filtrate that is similar to plasma

Question 15

What type of cells secrete CT Fibers?

Answer 15

Fibroblasts

Question 16

What protein makes up the fibers?

Answer 16

Collagen
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers

Question 17

How is collagen created?

Answer 17

Tropocollagen is secreted into a matrix where is spontaneously orients into fibrils

Question 18

How many types of Collagen are there (for this course’s purposes)

Answer 18

4

Question 19

Where is Collagen I found?

Answer 19

Dermis
Bone
Tendon
DENTIN
Fascia
Fibrous cartilage

Question 20

Where is Collagen II found

Answer 20

Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage

Question 21

What is the main function of Collagen III

Answer 21

Component of Reticular fibers

Question 22

What is unique about Collagen IV

Answer 22

It doesn’t form fibrils.

Its found in the basal lamina under epithelial cells

Question 23

What is the composition of Elastic Fibers?

Answer 23

Amorphous core of elastin bound in a sheath of microfibrils

Question 24

What cells make Elastic fibers?

Answer 24

Fibroblasts

Smooth Muscle Cells

Question 25

Where can Elastic fibers be found?

Answer 25

In all loose connective tissue (along with collagen fibers)

Question 26

What is unique structurally about Reticular fibers?

Answer 26

Non-banded

Question 27

Where can you find reticular fibers?

Answer 27

Smooth muscle Surrounding nerves Provides framework for bone marrow and lymphoid organs

Question 28

What physiological functions are reticular fibers used in?

Answer 28

Embryogenesis Inflammatory process Wound healing

Question 29

What type of stain is needed for Reticular fibers?

Answer 29

Silver!

Question 30

In cross section which is larger? Collagen or Reticular fibers?

Answer 30

Collagen is much larger

Question 31

What are the 9 cell types found in Connective Tissues

Answer 31

``` Fibroblasts Monocytes Macrophages Lymphocytes Plasma Cells Mast Cells Neutrophils Eosinophils Adipocytes ```

Question 32

What is the principle cell of the CT?

Answer 32

Fibroblasts

Question 33

What are the two types of fibroblasts that can be found in the CT?

Answer 33

Active | Inactive

Question 34

Describe the nucleus of an active fibroblast

Answer 34

Oval or spindle shaped | Euchromatic

Question 35

Beyond the nucleus, what organelles are prominent under an EM?

Answer 35

RER | Golgi

Question 36

How can you tell if the fibroblast is inactive?

Answer 36

The nucleus is very spindle shaped | Very heterochromatic

Question 37

What is an inactive fibroblast called?

Answer 37

Fibrocyte

Question 38

What feature defines the monocyte?

Answer 38

Large Cell | Horseshoe Shaped Nucleus

Question 39

What does the Monocyte turn into?

Answer 39

Macrophage

Question 40

Where are monocytes found?

Answer 40

CT | Peripheral Blood

Question 41

What does the Macrophage nucleus look like?

Answer 41

Oval with distinctive Indentation

Question 42

What organelles are found in the cytoplasm of the macrophage?

Answer 42

Lysosomes | Phagosomes

Question 43

What type of Lymphocytes are in the CT?

Answer 43

T and B

Question 44

Where do Plasma Cells come from?

Answer 44

B Cells

Question 45

What type of nucleus is more common for Lymphocytes

Answer 45

Heterochromatic