Connective tissue Flashcards
Functions of Connective Tissue
Enclose organs, Connect tissues, Support and movement, Storage, cushion/insulation, transport, protect
Blasts
Create matrix
Cytes
Maintain matrix
Clasts
Break down for remodeling
Mast cells
Contain heparin, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes. Released in response to injury, trauma, infection.
White blood cells
respond to injury/infection
Macrophages
Phagocytize to provide protection (two types: fixed and wandering ((moving through connective tissue)))
Undifferentiated mesenchyme (stem cells)
Can form multiple cell types in response to injury
Three major components of extracellular matrix
Protein fibers, ground substance, fluid
Three types of protein fiber of the matrix
Collagen, reticular, elastic
What type of connective tissue is loose packing material of most organs and tissues that attaches skin to underlying tissues?
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
What type of connective tissue has abundant collagen fibers which resist stretching? Includes tendons and ligaments.
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
connects muscles to bones
tendons
connects bones to bones
ligaments
What type of connective tissue has collagen fibers randomly oriented. very tough and most of the dermis of skin?
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
most abundant fat cells
Yellow (white) adipocytes
Type of fat cells. More in babies. In axillae, neck. Helps regulate body temperature
Brown adipocytes
special types of connective tissue
adipose and reticular
Provides a super structure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues
Reticular tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds nearly all cartilage. It secretes cartilage cells.
Perichondrium
Types of cartilage
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
Where is hyaline cartilage located
Rib cage, trachea, bronchi also articulation surfaces. Forms most of the embryo’s skeleton and is involved in the growth in length of bones
What is in hyalin cartilages matrix?
Collagen fibers and proteoglycans in matrix
Where is fibrocartilage?
(areas of pressure on joints) Knee, between vertebrae (intervertebral disk)
What is in fibrocartilage’s matrix?
Thick collagen fibers
Where is elastic cartilage?
External ears
What is in elastic cartilage’s matrix?
Elastic and collagen fibers and proteoglycans.
What are the two types of bones?
Cancellous (spongy) and compact
Where is cancellous bone?
Skull, vertebrae, sternum, ends of long bones.
Where is compact bone?
Periphery of bone. (Around a central canal)
Liquid matrix of blood?
Plasma
Marfan syndrome
Targets the elastic fibers of connective tissue
