connective tissue Flashcards
Types of fibrous connective tissue
Loose CT, Areolar CT, Adipose, Dense CT, Reticular, Dense Regular CT, Dense irregular CT
what are the 4 primary tissue?
epithelial, connective, nervous & muscular
functions of epithelial tissue
protection, secretion, & absorption
simple
a single layer of cells(squamous)
Stratified
several layers of cells (keratinized, non-keratinized) (squamous)
Pseudostratified
single layer, that appears stratified
Transitional
only epithelium that has elastic properties; only epithelium that stretches (transition between squamous and cuboidal
Cuboidal
the nucleus is round, and set in the center of the cell
columnar
the nucleus is elliptical and found near the base of the cell
prep of tissues
dehydrated, defatted,
simple squamous
flattened cells, squashed(fried egg appearance) thin layers (diffusion&osmosis) endothelium(lining of blood vessles and alveoli)
Stratified Squamous- nonkeratinized
layered squamous, diffusion & osmosis, upper layer will slough off (lining mouth, vaginal canal, cervix)
Simple columnar
column-shaped, elliptical nuclei found near base, goblet cells
simple columnar ciliated
ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells present
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells present, wave materials form deep in the lungs out if damaged replaced by a body with squamous (keratinized)
Transitional epithelium
simple and stratified arrangement, cuboidal Dome shaped cells to Flat cells found in the lining of the urinary bladder and uterus only epithelium that is binucleate
Functions of connective tissue
binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport
cells in CT
fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes
fibers in CT
Collagenous, Reticular, Elastic
Loose CT dense irregular
found in skin, fibroblast, collagen fibers, scattered and unorganized
Dense CT dense regular
found in tendons and ligaments, fibroblasts, college, and fibers, highly organized
Areolar CT
is found in the skin and other parts of the body, use as padding, filled with immune cells
Reticular Fibers
Fibers found in lymph nodes, constructs for cellular components, architectural in functions
Adipose: Adipocytes
anywhere on the body, Functions as padding, energy storage, Can become mitotically active – tumor/lipoma
Can become malignant
characteristics cartilage
Chondroblasts (developing)
Lacunae
Chondrocytes (mature)
Perichondrium
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline - weakest
Elastic – has elasticity
Fibrocartilage – greatest tensile strength
Hyaline Cartilage
Example shown is embryonic skeletal template
Cells are in spaces called lacuna
Fewer cells than matrix
Perichondrium surrounds tissue; weakest of cartilages
Here will eventually become bone
Found in ribs, tracheal rings, growth plate of bone
Elastic Cartilage
Chondrocytes same as hyaline
Elastic fibers found in matrix
Found in ears, tip of nose
Tissue has great elasticity and memory for shape
Perichondrium surrounds the perimeter of tissue
Fibrocartilage
Chondrocytes like hyaline
Collagen fibers throughout matrix; fibroblasts too
Strongest of cartilages; load bearing, great tensile strength
Found in intervertebral disks, menisci and in TMJ disk
NO perichondrium
Bone types
Spongy
Compact
Central – Haversian canals
Concentric lamellae
Bone compact
Osteon
Osteocytes
Canaliculi
Periosteum
Blood
Plasma
Formed elements
Erythrocytes
eukocytes or white blood cells (WBC’s)
Nervous Tissue
Neurons
Glial
Communicative
Muscular Tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
a. intercalated discs
Smooth
Endocrine Glands-Functional Classification
Merocrine also called Eccrine
Holocrine
Apocrine
Epithelium in Glands
Exocrine Glands
a. Structural Classification
i. Unicellular
ii. Multicellular
a. Simple
b. Compound
Membranes
a. Cutaneous (skin)
b Mucous (mucosae)
i. epithelium
ii. areolar ct, also known as lamina propria
iii. Muscularis mucosae (sometimes present)
Tissue Growth
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
Neoplasia
V. Shrinkage and Death
A. Atrophy
B. Necrosis
i. Gangrene
ii. Infarction
C. Apoptosis
Repair
A. Regeneration
B. Fibrosis
i. Excessive
– Keloid formation
