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histology let > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

provides a matrix that supports and physically connects tissues to form organs of the body

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

what is the major constituent of connective tissue?

A

extracellular matrix

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3
Q

where does connective tissue originate?

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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4
Q

where does macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells originate from?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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5
Q

consists of population of undifferentiated cells; generally elongated but with large chromatic nuclei that indicated high level of synthetic activity

A

mesenchyme

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6
Q

permanent resident of connective tissue; produce and maintains most of the tissue’s extracellular component

A

fibroblast

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7
Q

what does the fibroblast synthesize and secrete?

A

collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins

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8
Q

rapidly closing wounds are induced by?

A

myofibroblasts

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9
Q

extracellular fibers and ground substance

A

fibroblasts

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10
Q

serves as antibodies

A

plasma cells

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11
Q

various immune defense functions

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

modulate allergic/vasoactive reactions and defense against parasites

A

eosinophil

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13
Q

high eosinophil indicates?

A

parasitic infection

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14
Q

phagocytosis of bacteria

A

neutrophil

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15
Q

elevated neutrophil indicates?

A

bacterial infection

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16
Q

phagocytosis of ECM components and debris; antigen processing and presentation to immune cells; secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and other agents

A

macrophages

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17
Q

pharmacologically active molecules

A

mast cells and basophils

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18
Q

what has high levels in cases of allergy

A

basophil

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19
Q

storage of neutral fats

A

adipocytes

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20
Q

kidney shaped nucleus; 10-30 um in diameter

A

macrophages

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21
Q

macrophage in connective tissue

A

histiocytes

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22
Q

macrophage in bone marrow

A

monocytes

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23
Q

macrophage in liver

A

kupffer cells

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24
Q

macrophage in CNS

A

microglial cells

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25
Q

macrophage in skin

A

langerhans cells

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26
Q

macrophage in bone

A

osteoclast

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27
Q

oval or irregularly shaped cells of connective tissue; 7-20 um in diameter filled with basophilic secretory granules

A

mast cells

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28
Q

sulfated glycosaminoglycan that acts locally as an anticoagulant

A

heparin

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29
Q

promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle concentration

A

histamine

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30
Q

activate various mediators of inflammation

A

serine proteases

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31
Q

attracts leukocytes

A

eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

32
Q

release of certain chemical mediators which are stored in mast cells promotes what?

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

33
Q

lymphocyte-derived, antibody producing cells; responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulin antibodies

A

plasma cells

34
Q

where are plasma cells derived from?

A

B lymphocytes

35
Q

average life span of plasma cells

A

10-20 days

36
Q

also present in cases of inflammation like plasma cells

A

leukocyte

37
Q

what are the major signs of inflamed tissues include?

A

redness and swelling with heat and pain

38
Q

in some cases of inflammation there is a presence of?

A

swelling (edema)

39
Q

elongated structures which are formed from proteins that polymerize after the secretion of fibroblast

A

fibers

40
Q

most abundant, formed by proteins of the collagen family

A

collagen

41
Q

three main types of fibers

A

collagen, reticular, elastic fibers

42
Q

most abundant protein in the human body, 30% of its dry weight

A

collagen

43
Q

two important amino acids in formation of collagen

A

glycine and proline

44
Q

3 groups of collagens

A

fibrillar collagens, network or sheet-forming collagens, anchoring collagens

45
Q

collagens type I, II, and III; have polypeptide unit that aggregate to form large fibrils

A

fibrillar collagens

46
Q

type IV collagen have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial basal lamina

A

network or sheet-forming collagen

47
Q

short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another and to other components of ECM

A

anchoring collagen

48
Q

skin, tendon, bone, dentin; resistance to tension

A

type I collagen

49
Q

cartilage, vitreous body; resistance to pressure

A

type II collagen

50
Q

skin, muscle, blood vessels, frequently together with type I; structural maintenance in expansible organ

A

type III collagen

51
Q

fetal tissues, skin, bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues; participates in type 1 collagen function

A

type V collagen

52
Q

cartilage; participates in type II collagen function

A

type XI collagen

53
Q

Fibril forming collagens are:

A

type I, II, III, V, and XI

54
Q

all basal and external laminae; support of epithelial cells; filtration

A

type IV collagen

55
Q

hypertrophic cartilage involved in endochondral bone formation; increase density of the matrix

A

type X collagen

56
Q

Network forming collagens are:

A

type IV and X collagen

57
Q

epithelial basement membranes; anchors basal laminae to underlying reticular lamina

A

type VII collagen

58
Q

Cartilage, vitreous body; binds various proteoglycans; associated with type II collagen

A

type IX collagen

59
Q

placenta, skin, tendons; interacts with type I collagen

A

Type XII collagen

60
Q

placenta, bone; binds with type I collagen fibrils, with types V and XII, strengthening fiber formation

A

type XIV collagen

61
Q

serves as supportive stroma for parenchymal secretory cells and rich microvasculature of the liver and endocrine glands

A

reticular fibers

62
Q

highly hydrated, transparent, and a complex mixture of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

A

ground substance

63
Q

allows diffusion od small molecules and acts as lubricant and barrier to invaders

A

ground substance

64
Q

distributed in the umbilical cord, synovial fluid, vitreous humor, and cartilage

A

hyaluronic acid

65
Q

distributed in the cartilage, bone, cornea, skin, notochord, aorta; high levels of interaction mainly with collagen type II

A

chondroitin 4-sulfate

66
Q

distributed in the cartilage, umbilical cord, skin, aorta; high levels of interaction mainly with collagen type II

A

chondroitin 6-sulfate

67
Q

distributed in skin, tendon, aorta (adventitia); low levels of interaction; mainly with collagen type I

A

dermatan sulfate

68
Q

distributed in aorta, lung, liver, basal laminae; intermediate levels of interaction, mainly with collagen type III and IV

A

heparan sulfate

69
Q

distributed in cartilage, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus

A

keratan sulfate

70
Q

what are the four major GAGs found in proteoglycans?

A

dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate

71
Q

supports microvasculature, nerves and immune defense cells

A

loose connective tissue

72
Q

protects and supports organs; resists tearing

A

dense irregular connective tissue

73
Q

provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force

A

dense regular connective tissue

74
Q

contains stem/progenitor cells for all adult connective tissue cells

A

mesenchyme

75
Q

supports and cushions large blood vessels

A

mucoid connective tissue

76
Q

supports blood forming cells, many secretory cells, and lymphocytes in most lymphoid organs

A

reticular connective tissue

histology let (9 decks)

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