Blood Flashcards
specialized connective tissue consisting og cells and fluid extracellular material called plasma
blood
percent of an adult’s weight
10%
what are the three formed elements
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
life span of platelets
8-12
what is the origin of platelets?
megakaryocytes
large bone marrow cell with lobulated nucleus; responsible for the production of thrombocytes needed for normal blood clotting
plasma
color of blood if saturated with oxygen
bright red
color of blood if deoxygenated
dark red or purple
temperature of blood
38˚c
pH of blood
7.35-7.45
functions of blood
transport nutrients, regulate body temperature, coagulation, osmotic and acid-base balance
percent of plasma in buffy coat
55%
normal value of platelets
150,000-400,000
percent of buffy coat: platelets and leukocytes
less than 1%
percent of erythrocytes in buffy coat
45%
normal erythrocyte count
3.5-5.5 million per millimeter cube
what are the major plasma proteins?
albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, and complement proteins
major and most abundant blood plasma protein, smallest in size
albumin
role of albumin
exert colloidal osmotic pressure within the circulatory system
albumin is a carrier protein of what hormones?
thyroxine
function specifically for defense; largest fraction of globulins
immunoglobulins
what secretes immunoglobulins?
plasma cells
what secretes immunoglobulins?
plasma cells
contains colloidal osmotic pressure and is secreted by liver
non-immunoglobulins
what serves as a carrier for copper, iron, and globin?
alpha globulin and beta globulin
largest plasma protein and least abundant
fibrinogen
function of fibrinogen
clotting formation
comprise a defensive system important in inflammation and destruction of different microorganisms
complement proteins
the tetrameric, oxygen-carrying protein that accounts for the cell’s uniform acidophilia
hemoglobin
what removes worn out RBC from the circulation
marcophages of the pleen, liver, and bone marrow
structure of RBC
biconcave disk, enucleated
female rbc count
3.9-5.5
male rbc count
4.1 - 6
function of erythrocytes
transport gases through hemoglobin attachment
life span of RBC
120
What are the proteins that maintain the shape of the cells?
Band 3 protein, glycophorin A, spectrin, ankyrin
normal count of leukocytes
6,000-10,000
two groups of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
what are the three granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
differential count of neutrophils
60-70%
the azurophilic primary granules of neutrophils are?
myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and defensins
generates hypochlorite and other agents toxic to bacteria
myeloperoxidase
degrades components of bacterial cell walls
lysozyme
small cysteine-rich proteins that bind and disrupt the cell membranes of many types of microorganism
defensins
differential count of eosinophils
2-4%
differential count of basophils?
0.5%
modulates immune respone
basophil
what are the agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
differential count of lymphocytes
28%
functions for t-cell mediated and b humoral immunity
lymphocytes
differential count of monocyte
5%
precursor cells of macrophages with kidney-shaped nuclei
monocytes
bilobed
eosinophil
s-j shaped nucleus
basophils
round-shaped nucleus
lymphocytes
basis of classification of anemia; measures the volume of RBC
Mean Corpuscular Volume
normal MCV count is between 80-100
normocytic
What are the non-hemolytic normocytic
iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease
what are the hemolytic normocytic
G6PD and sickle cell anemia
less than 80 femtoliter
microcytic
what are under microcytic?
thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, IDA
late stage of IDA
lead poisoning and sideroblastic anemia
100 femtoliter
macrocytic
what is under macrocytic?
fanconi anemia, folate deficiency, vitamin b12 deficiency
regulates activities and cytokine secretion of many leukocytes and other cells
interleukin-1
motpgen for activated T and B cells; promotes differentiation of NK cells
interleukin-2
mitogen for all granulocyte and megakaryocyte progenitor cells
interleukin-3
promotes development of basophils and mast cells and b-lumphocyte activation
interleukin-4
promotes development and activation of eosinophils
interleukin-5
mitogen for many leukocytes; promotes activation of b cells and regulatory t cells
interleukin-6
major mitogen for all lymphoid stem cells
interleukin-7
mitogen for megakaryoblasts and their progenitor cells
thrombopoietin
mitogen for all eythroid progenitor and precursor cells
erythropoietin
mitogen for all hemopoietic progenitor cells
stem cell factor
