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Microanatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Connects/binds cells and tissues
Provides structural support for tissues and organs in the body
Aids in defense, protection, and repair of the body
One of the four basic tissues

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2
Q

General composition of CT

A

Cells (resident and transient cells)

Extracellular matrix - ground substance (resists compression) with fibers (provides tensile strength and elasticity) in it

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3
Q

Resident CT cells

A

Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
Macrophages
Mast cells
Adipose cells
Pericytes

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4
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Most abundant CT cells
Oval nucleus with cytoplasm
Synthesize extracellular matrix
Turns into a fibrocyte when inactive

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5
Q

Fibrocytes

A

Inactive forms of fibroblasts
Small, dense nucleus - appears flat

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6
Q

Macrophages

A

Shape varies when cells are active - usually round with dense, round-oval nucleus
Phagocytic for many different materials
Also called histiocytes

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7
Q

Mast cells

A

Common in loose CT
Contain many membrane-bound granules (difficult to see without specific stains)
Granules contain inflammatory mediators

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8
Q

Adipose cells

A

Fat cells derived from mesenchyme
Synthesize and store triglycerides
Two types - unilocular (white adipose) and multilocular (brown adipose)

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9
Q

Unilocular adipose cells

A

Large cells - cytoplasm and nucleus are forced to cell periphery (signet ring shaped)
Store lipid as a single droplet in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

Multilocular adipose cells

A

Smaller than unilocular - nucleus is not pushed to the edge and is more circular
Lipid is stored in multiple droplets in each cell
Contain more mitochondria

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11
Q

Pericytes

A

Partially surround endothelial cells of capillaries and small venules
Surrounded by their own basal lamina
Multipotent - can differentiate into other cells (endothelium, fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells)

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12
Q

Transient CT cells

A

Plasma cells
Leukocytes (lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils)

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13
Q

Plasma cells

A

Most abundant in CT in respiratory and digestive systems
Manufacture antibodies
Nucleus is eccentrically placed and appears as a “clock face”

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14
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells in the blood circulatory system that enter into CT, especially during inflammation (lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils)

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15
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T cells, B cells, natural killer cells

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16
Q

Eosinophils

A

Attack parasites; moderate allergic reactions

17
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytic especially bacteria; have lobed nuclei
First to migrate to an inflammatory site

18
Q

Basophils

A

Release components that control the inflammatory process (rare)

19
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Hydrated gel-like ground substance with fibers embedded in it
Fibers - provide tensile strength and elasticity
Ground substance - resists compression

20
Q

Types of fibers

A

Collagen, reticular, and elastic

21
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Composed of collagen
Tough, nonelastic fibers
Secreted by fibroblasts in CT proper
5 types of collagen

22
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Type III collagen
Often visualized with silver stains
Form fine network of fibers closely associated with individual cells of certain organs (lymphs, spleen, liver, kidney, bone marrow)

23
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Slender, long, and branching in loose CT
Found in bundles (ligaments) and sheets (walls of large blood vessels)

24
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchymal CT and Mucous CT

25
Q

Mesenchymal CT

A

Present in developing embryo
Pale cytoplasm and oval nucleus

26
Q

Mucous CT

A

Loose, amorphous CT
Fibers are Type I and Type III collagen fibers
Fibroblasts present
Found in umbilical cord and embryonic subdermal CT

27
Q

Loose (areolar) CT

A

Loose arrangement of fibers and cells
Contains collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. Also contains nerves and blood vessels

28
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

More fibers, fewer cells, and less ground substance than loose CT
Collagen fiber bundles are arranged randomly
Fibroblasts between collagen fibers

29
Q

Dense regular collagenous CT

A

Densely packed coarse collagen fibers that are arranged in parallel
Little ground substance and few cells interspersed in fibers

30
Q

Dense regular elastic CT

A

Densely packed coarse (large) branching elastic fibers
Fibroblasts present between fibers
Few collagen fibers are present

31
Q

Reticular CT

A

Consists of reticular fibers (Type III collagen)
Delicate meshwork with interspersed fibroblasts and other cells

Microanatomy (12 decks)

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