Connective Tissue Flashcards
Few characteristics of connecitve tissues
Less Cells,
abundant in ECF
from mesoderm
2 major groups of Connective tissues
- Connective Tissue proper
2. Special types of Connective tissues
Examples of special types of tissues
bones, cartilages blood lymphoid tissue myeloid hemopoietic
Function of connective tissues
It binds
IT forms the stroma -
avenue where blood vessels form interior organs
example of connective tissue
Parenchyma - envelopes muscle, funtional component of the cell
Connective tissues proper is composed of
Extracellular substance
cells / Matrix
blood vessels
what is ground substance
an intracellular material homogenous hydrated cell.
allows entry and exit of nutrients and oxygen
What composes ground substance
- Proteoglycan
- Hyaluroni Acid
- Mineral salts
- Glycoproteins
Gags
Glycosaminoglycans
make the Ground substance acidic
is responsible for the gelatinous substance of the ground substance
Proteoglycan
Has the most abundant GAGs
Hyaluronic Acid
- also backbone where proteoglycan attaches
forms the intergral part of the elastic fibers
Glycoproteins
Extracellular substances/ Matrix composed of
- Ground substance
- Fibers
function of fibers
gives support to the connective tissues
Types of fibers
Collagen
Elastic
Reticular fibers
what is the main fiber in connective tissues
Collagen fiber (present in all connective tissues)
Characteristics of Collagen
-tensile strength
- flexible but not elastic
-colorless/white
pink in HME
-
Formation of Collagen
- Procollagen
- Tropocollagen
- Fibrils
how is tropocollagen formed
-twisting of procollagen by H bonds.
Characteristics of Elastic Fibers
- fine fibers
- branch and anastomse
- insoluble in protein
- elastic
- resistant to boiling
- covered by fibrils
Formation of Elastic Fibers
- Fibroblasts
- Mesenchymal cells
- Tropoelastin
Elastogenesis
Formation of Elastic fibers
Characteristics of Reticular Fibers
- made up of Collagen III
- branch & anastomone
- angyrophilic fibers
- have lamina fibroreticularis
Formation of Reticular fibers
- reticular cells
- synthesized and released into ecm
The cells of of Connective Tissues
- Resident Cells
- Visiting Cells
are cells that are wandering and circulate in the blood stream
Visiting cells
Cells that are made in the connective tissue and stay there
Resident cells
Pluripotent stem cells
common origin of all cells in the body.
-rare in adults, some in the bone marrow
Pluripotent cells spread into diff cells such as
- Mesenchymal
- Hemopoietic
- Neuronal
Multipotential cell that is around the embryo and umbilical cord
Mesenchymal Cells
Most abundat Cell type in the Connective tissue
Fibroblasts (basophilic)
this cell originates from the mesenchymal and do mitosis
Fibroblasts
Idle/ resting type of cells
Fibrocystes (Acidophilic)
this cell is long and sturdy and clings to collagen fibers
Fibroblasts
Cells that can become active when needed ex. wound healing
Fibrocyctes
Examples of Resident cells
Mesenchymal Fibroblasts Adipose Reticular cells Mast cells Macrophages leukocytes plasma cells
funtion of Fibroblasts
synthesis of organic components of the ground substance
Fats Cells
Adipose Cells
What does Adipose cells store
lipids, fats, triglyceride
form of fat synthesized from glucose that is from the liver
Chylomicron
Accumulated fat and fat content that has been depleted
Lipoblast
where are fat cells sourced if needed
mesenchymal cells
thet divide twice beforre becoming fat cells
specialized fibroblast that only synthesizes type III collagen and looks bigger than fibroblasts when stained
Reticular cells
this cell contains histamin and heparin,
Mast cells
Is MAst cell abundant in lamina propia of Gi and respiratory tracts underneath the skin
yes. true
differences of Mast and Basphil
Mast - can divide, settle, longer lifespan
Baso- circulate, smaller, mobile
same attributes of Mast cell and Baso
both arise from the bone marrow
origin of Plasma cells
B lymphocytes
Characteristics of plasma cells
- bigger than RBCs
- numerous in connective tissue
- cannot divide
- lifespan 10-20 days
plasma cells produce anti bodies and immunoglobbins
true or false
True
this cell type are present in the whole body and have a lifespan of 2 months to 70 days and carry Heterophagy
Macrophages
This function is the digestion of foreign to cell substance
Heterophagy
Full form of APC
Antigen presenting cells
Types of Macrophages
- Fixed Macro (attaches to fibers)
- Free Macro (wander in ecm)
other classification of macrophages
- resident
- inflamatory
- activated (apc)macrophages
Difference of fixed and Free macrophages
Fixed- oval N., spindle shape
free - rounded, with pseudopodia
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes
where is WBC produced
bone marrow
Characteristics of Leukocytes
free flowing in the blood
-also in connective tissues
what is the function of leukocytes
gather in inflamed areas of the body
Types of Leukocytes
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
- basophil
- monocyte
- lymphocyte
Classification of Connective tissues
Collagenous
- Loose Collagenous CT
Describe collagenous CT
- ordinary
- most abundat
- collagen I
- before fibroblast
Types of collagenous tissues
- Dense
- loose
2 types of dense CCT
- regular
- irregular
what is regular CCT
-regular - definite pattern, tendons,ligaments, fib membranes
what is irregular CCT
- runs in various directions
- forms dermins, bones, dura matter, sheat of the nerves
2nd type of CCT
Loose collagenous tissue
characteristics of Loose CCT
- aerolar
- abundant in dense CT
- forms = hpodermis, tunica adv., lamina propia, submucosa of GIT
Special types of connective tissue
- adipose
- reticular
- elastic
- mucous
Adipose Tissue
-adipocyte
-energy storage
- thermal insulator
- shock absorber
- 12-14% Male
20-25% female
Excess of 25% adipose tissue
overweight/ obese
Two type of adipose Tissue
- Yellow
- Brown
Yellow lipid
- lipid in single vacoule
- leptin targets hypothala
- obese people resistant to leptin
Brown
- numerous vacoules
- in baby 2-5%
- coloration due to mitochondria
Reticular Tissue
- reticular cell
- supporting frame work of liver, hemopeotic tissue and lymphoid
Elastic tissue
- fibrobalst
- eleastic fiber
- in ligament of penis .
Mucous Tissue
Ground susbatance- gel like
- GAG = Hyaluronic acid
- embryos
none in adults
