Cell Signaling 2020 Flashcards
these carry messages from signaling cells to target cells
Chemical messengers
types of chemical messengers
hormones
neuro hormones
amino acids
4 types of chemical messengers
Endorcrine
paracrine
autocrine
Neurocrine
this messenger is sythesized by endocrine glands, transported by blood
endorcine messenger
messenger cells that travel thru interstitial fluid/ also called Juxtacrine
Paracrine messenger
this messenger acts on same cells
autocrine cells
neurotransmitters and neurohormones that carries info from one nerve to another nervel
neurocrine messenger
Receptor cells
where cells bind to stimulate the cells response
3 types of intercellular communication
Neural communication
Endocrine
Paracrine
this intercellular messenger releases hormones to the blood
endocrine communication
this intercellular communication releases into interstitial fluid
paracrine commu
intercellular communication that releases at SYNAPSE and travel long distance
neural communication
for substance to pass freely without passing the ECF
Gap junctions
Releases cell that affects itself
Autocrine communications
How cells communicate with each other
Ligand > receptor >intercellular protein > target porteins
Overview of how cells communicate
- Recognition
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Response
Types of regulation of receptors
- Up regulation
- Down reg.
a. Internalization
b. Desensitization
increases the number in active receptors
up regulation
decreases the responsiveness
desensitization
decrease in number of receptors
internalization
this is decreasing the number or activity of receptors
Down regulation
different types of receptors
- ion channled
- g protein
- enzyme linked
- nuclear receptors
what does the ligand-ion change
the ionic permeability i the plasma membrane
also known as the 7 helix receptor
G protein receptor
the 3 subunits in the g-proteins
alpha
beta
gamma subunits
where does GDP incative or GTP active attaches in the g protein
alpha subunit
what is the activated state of GDP
GDP is exhanged for GTP in the alpha subunit
they pass thru the membrane only once
Enzyme linked receptors
where is the hormone binding site of the enzyme linked receptors
Outside the cell
when hormones binds outside
does the enzyme inside the cell activate immediately?
Yes. enzymes are activated inside
Nuclear receptors bind with these inside the cells
lipid soluble ligands
Nuclear receptor types
Type I - Cytoplasmic receptor
Type II - Nuclear Receptor
these nuclar receptor bind to the cytoplasm by chaperone proteins
cytoplasmic receptor or Type I
this receptor is bound to the DNA and leads to formation of the hormone complex receptor
Type II receptor or Nuclear Receptor
Does a conformational change occur that allows receptor to dissociate from chaperones?
Yes it does.
this process converts one kind of signal into another kind of signal
transduction
signal tranduction cell cannot change its behavior to receptor ligand interaction
false. it can
This is the primary or 1st messenger
Ligand
What is the function of the 2nd messenger
relays the signal from one location to another. such as from plasma membrane to nucleus
the 4 signal transduction pathways
- Ligand
- gprotein
- kinase linked
- Nuclear receptors
Gaba and NMDA are ion hanneled pathways that cause
Depression
what is the function of RGS
facilitiates in inactivation of signaling
