Conjunctions Flashcards

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1
Q

weil

A

because

Subordinating conjunction

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2
Q

doch

A

but, however

Coordinating conjunction

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3
Q

oder

A

or

Coordinating conjunction

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4
Q

jedoch

A

but, however
Coordinating conjunction

Er war verärgert, jedoch zeigte er es nicht. — He was angered, but he didn’t show it.

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5
Q

und

A

and
Coordinating conjunction

Ich mag es, zu zeichnen und zu malen. — I like drawing and painting.

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6
Q

während

A

while, during, whereas
Subordinating conjunction

Während des Vortrages ist er eingeschlafen. — During the lecture, he fell asleep.

Er hat blonde Haare, während sein Bruder rote Haare hat. — He has blond hair, whereas his brother has red hair.

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7
Q

Subordinating conjunction (23)

A
bevor
nachdem
ehe
seit, seitdem
während
als
wenn
wann
bis
obwohl
sooft
sobald
solange
da
indem
weil
ob
falls
wenn
um ... zu
dass
sodass
damit
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8
Q

sondern

A

but (as in but rather)
Coordinating conjunction

Sie ist nicht nur Mutter von drei Kindern, sondern [sie] schreibt auch Kinderbücher. — She is not only a mom of three, but she writes children’s books as well.
(In this case, the word “sie” is put in parentheses since you can technically leave it out)

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9
Q

sooft

A

as often as (whenever)
Subordinating conjunction

Sooft er sich auch bemühte, seine Französischkenntnisse wurden nicht besser. — As often as he tried, his French skills didn’t get better.

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10
Q

seit, seitdem

A

since (indicating time, not a causality)
Subordinating conjunction

Seitdem er mit seiner neuen Freundin zusammen ist, hat er sich sehr verändert. — Since he got together with his new girlfriend, he has changed a lot.

Er schläft seit Beginn des Films. — He’s been sleeping since the beginning of the movie.

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11
Q

ehe

A

before
Subordinating conjunction

“Bevor” und “ehe”
Same as above: “ehe” is more formal than “bevor”. It is to note though that “bevor” is used with actions, but the shorter form “vor” can only be used with nouns.

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12
Q

bevor

A

before
Subordinating conjunction

Wir sollten uns treffen, bevor es dunkel wird. — We should meet up before it gets dark. (Dunkel werden = action)

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13
Q

ob

A

whether, of (only use when you could say “whether” in English as well)
Subordinating conjunction

Ob es stimmt, weiß ich nicht. — Whether it’s true I don’t know.

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14
Q

bis

A

until, by
Subordinating conjunction

Er hat bis um acht Uhr geschlafen. — He slept until eight o’clock.

Bis er das merkt werden Stunden vergangen sein. — By the time he realizes that, hours will have passed.

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15
Q

dass

A

that
Subordinating conjunction

Just like the English translation “that”, “dass” can be omitted in a sentence:

Er glaubt, dass die Erde eine Scheibe sei. — He believes that the Earth is a disc.

Er glaubt, die Erde sei eine Scheibe. — He believes the Earth is a disc.

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16
Q

indem

A

by …-ing
Subordinating conjunction

Hans sicherte sich eine gute Note, indem er sich beim Lehrer einschleimte. — By brown-nosing the teacher, Hans made sure he got a good grade.

17
Q

solange

A

as long as
Subordinating conjunction

Solange sie ihre Einstellung nicht ändert, wird sie keinen Erfolg haben. — As long as she doesn’t change her attitude, she won’t be successful.

18
Q

als ob
als wenn
als

A

as if
Subordinating conjunction

Er hat die Prüfung bestanden, als ob es nichts wäre. — He passed his exam as if it was nothing.

Er tat so, als ob er davon noch nie gehört hatte. — He pretended as if he never had heard of it before.

Dieser Grashüpfer sieht so aus als wäre er ein Zweig. — This grasshopper looks like as if it was a twig.

19
Q

nachdem

A

after
Subordinating conjunction

Mir ging es nicht gut, nachdem ich zu viel Kuchen gegessen hatte. — I didn’t feel well after eating too much cake. (Essen = verb/action).

There is a simple rule you can follow when it comes to using “nach” and “nachdem”: “Nachdem” is used with actions, whereas “nach” is used with nouns.

20
Q

wenn

A

when (describing present and future), if, whenever
Subordinating conjunction

[Immer] wenn ich nach Heidelberg gehe, schaue ich mir das Schloss an. — [Whenever/] When I go to Heidelberg, I visit the castle.

21
Q

damit

A

so that
Subordinating conjunction

Er stellte er sich zwei Wecker, damit er nicht verschlief. — He set two alarms, so that he wouldn’t oversleep.

22
Q

sobald

A

as soon as
Subordinating conjunction

Sobald wir genug Geld gespart haben, wollen wir nach Bali reisen. — As soon as we have enough money saved up, we want to travel to Bali.

23
Q

wenn

A

if, when
Subordinating conjunction

Wenn das wahr ist, will ich mir die Konsequenzen nicht ausmalen. — If this is true, I don’t want to imagine the consequences.

24
Q

aber

A

but
Coordinating conjunction

Andy ist sehr intelligent, aber er hat einfach keinen Ehrgeiz. — Andy is very intelligent, but he just doesn’t have any ambition.

25
Q

obwohl

A

although
Subordinating conjunction

Obwohl er nur zwölf Jahre alt ist, ist er ein begnadeter Schlagzeuger. — Although he is only twelve years old, he is a very talented drummer.

26
Q

da

A

because
Subordinating conjunction

Differences between “da” and “weil”

There are no differences between the two words, with one exception: “da” is more formal than “weil” (both mean because).

27
Q

als

A

when (in describing past events)
Subordinating conjunction

Als ich ein Kind war, mochte ich keinen Brokkoli. — When I was a child, I didn’t like broccoli.

28
Q

um … zu

A

in order to
Subordinating conjunction

Um ihr eine Freude zu machen, hat er ihr Blumen gekauft. — In order to make her happy, he bought her flowers.

29
Q

wann

A

when (for questions only)
Subordinating conjunction

Sag mir, wann du heute morgen aufgestanden bist.
Tell me when (at what time) you got up this morning.

30
Q

falls

A

in case, if
Subordinating conjunction

Falls das wahr ist, will ich mir die Konsequenzen nicht ausmalen. — If this is true, I don’t want to imagine the consequences.

31
Q

denn

A

because
Coordinating conjunction

Er wurde nach Hause geschickt, denn er war krank. — He was sent home because he was sick.

32
Q

beziehungsweise

A

or, or more precisely

Coordinating conjunction

33
Q

allein

A

but unfortunately
Coordinating conjunction
RARELY USED

34
Q

Coordinating conjunctions (9)

A
und
aber
denn
oder
sondern
beziehungsweise
doch
jedoch
allein
35
Q

sodass

A

so that
Subordinating conjunction

Er behauptete, eine Erkältung zu haben, sodass er seinen Aufsatz nicht vor der Klasse vorlesen musste. — He claimed to have a cold so that he didn’t have to read his essay in front of the class.