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Congenital Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes a _________ transport disfunction.

A

ion

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2
Q

What protein is affected with CF?

A

CFTR - a gene that is involved in the production of sweat, mucus and digestive fluids

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3
Q

How does CF affect the lungs?

A
  1. results in thick mucus
  2. predisposes pt to bacterial infections
  3. pt develops obstructive lung disease
  4. pt gets loss of lung function
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4
Q

How does CF effect the gut?

A
  1. exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
  2. loss of bicarbonate rich pancreatic fluids
  3. reduced gut hydration
  4. loss of digestion
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5
Q

poor digestive function leads to:

A
  1. poor absorption
  2. chronic constipation
  3. distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
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6
Q

What is meconium ileus?

A

meconium: the 1st feces or stool of the newborn
ilieus: diminished or absent peristalsis

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7
Q

Cystic Fibrosis can not only effect the lungs and the gut but can also effect the __________, resulting in osteoporosis.

A

bone

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8
Q

Is pregnancy possible for women w CF?

A

yes

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9
Q

can men have children with other women if he has CF?

A

Most likely not

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10
Q

What test can we use to assess the chloride content in sweat?

A

sweat test

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11
Q

what drugs do we use for cystic fibrosis?

A

bronchodilators, mucolytics, decongestants, antibiotics

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12
Q

What pt ed. could we give pts w CF?

A

Take a vitamin supplement, eat calorie-dense meals, and drink a lot of fluids.

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13
Q

W/ cystic fibrosis, pts practice ______ hygiene.

A

chest

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema occurs when:

A

the pulmonary IS fills with fluid that has leaded from the vasculature into the IS spaces

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15
Q

With pulmonary edema, it will move in to the alveoli spaces and ____________ alveolar surfaces.

A

decrease

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16
Q

What condition characterizes the phrase “I feel like I am breathing through water.”

A

Pulmonary edema

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17
Q

What are the 4 reasons pulmonary edema could be a result of?

A

a fluid overload
decreased serum albumin levels
lymphatic obstructions
increased capillary permeability

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18
Q

What 3 things characterizes the early stages of pulmonary edema?

A

a persistent cough
dyspnea (hypoxia)
intolerance to exercise

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19
Q

Trx of pulmonary edema is aimed at:

A
  • maintaining MAP
  • Improving oxygenation
  • reduce fluids
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20
Q

is pulmonary edema a medical emergency?

A

yes

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21
Q

What is ARDS?

A

a condition that occurs when fluid leaks into the alveoli, limiting gas exchange.

22
Q

What is ARDS CHARACTERIZED by?

A

widespread inflammation in the lungs
inc. capillary permeability
lung edema
atelectasis

23
Q

ARDS will result in:

24
Q

What is therapy trx for ARDS?

25
What is atelectasis?
the collapse of normally expanded and aerated lung tissue at any structure level
26
What are the causes of atelectasis?
1. pleural effusion 2. pneumonia 3. pneumothorax 4. hypoventilation 5. scarring of the lung 6. tumor 7. inhalation of foreign object
27
What is obstructive atelectasis?
results from obstruction of the bronchus serving the affected area 1. communication is cut off between alveoli and the trachea 2. air in alveoli is not replaced 3. air continues to diffuse into the blood and alveolar volume decreases 4. alveoli collapse
28
What is non-obstructive atelectasis?
accumulation of fluids or air in the pleural cavity causing compression of the lungs
29
when does atelectasis occur super often?
after surgery
30
what are complications of atelectasis?
pneumonia, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, hypoxemia
31
What processes may lead to atelectasis?
1. hypoventilation associated w dec. pulmonary motion 2. failure to breathe deeply postoperatively 3. coma or immobility 4. loss of surfactant
32
What are implications for the PT regarding atelectasis?
frequent gentle position changes deep breathing coughing ambulation
33
Interventions for atelectasis directly help with:
ciliary clearance expansion of lungs avoid kohn pores
34
Abnormal collection of air in the pleural space is called?
pneumothorax
35
a pneumothorax can only develop if:
air is allowed to enter the pleural space through a damaged chest wall.
36
Describe SCLC:
small cell lung cancer: cells have no cytoplasm and are compressed into ovoid mass.
37
SCLC is located at ___________, which is why surgery is difficult.
centrally
38
By the time SCLC is diagnosed, cancer has:
spread to the lymphatics and metastisized
39
Non small cell carcinomas will start in the lungs and most commonly metastasize in the:
brain, bone and liver
40
carcinomas of the ___________, ________,________,_________ and _________ will metastasize to the lungs.
kidney breasts pancreas colon uterus
41
What is the most common type of NSCLC?
adenocarcinoma
42
A Pancoast tumor develops in the ______ of the lungs and will:
apex; destroy ribs 1 and 2 and invade brachial plexus/ sympathetic nerves
43
Pancoast tumors can lead to horners syndrome. What is horners syndrome?
inability to sweat on one side of the face, drooping eye, contracted pupil.
44
How is most lung cancer found?
on routine chest x-rays for unrelated issues.
45
What is a pulmonary embolism?
a clot in the venous system dislodges and causes blockage in pulmonary circulation.
46
What are risk factors for a PE?
immobility hypercoagulability smoking polycthemia cancer surgery
47
How do we diagnose a PE?
Wells Criteria
48
What are S and S of a PE?
falling SAO2 RV/LV volume >1.45 pulmonary hypertension
49
What is postthrombotic syndrome?
refers to the appearance of symptoms and signs of chronic venous insufficiency after a DVT. Person experiences ongoing symptoms of a blood clot.
50
A single lung transplant is called:
posterolateral thoractomy
51
a double lung transplant is called:
bilateral anterior thoracotomies
52
What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids?
muscle weakness diabetes osteoporosis skin thinning impaired wound healing water retention

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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