Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What are the types of cardiomyopathy?
dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathic heart results in: (6)
fibrosis
a heavy heart
hypertrophied cardiac myocytes
loss of myofibrils
reduced mitochondrial function
thinning of chamber walls
What are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
viral infections
toxins
genetic mutations
metabolic disorders
myocarditis
What are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
orthopnea
fatigue
dyspnea
increased weight gain
increased edema
what are signs of dilated cardiomyopathy?
tachypnea
tachycardia
hypertension or hypotension
What are other findings that may be present if someone has dilated cardiomyopathy?
hypoxia (clubbing and cyanosis)
jugular vein distention
pulmonary edema
enlarged liver
ascites or peripheral edema
Name 2 ways you could attempt to manage dilated cardiomyopathy without medications.
Restrict their sodium intake
restrict their fluids
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by?
a thickened LV wall with a non-dilated LV chamber
Which of the cardiomyopathies are genetically linked with autosomal dominance?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, normal blood pressure is:
perceived as excessive by the defective myocytes
Other than the LV wall hypertrophy experienced with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, what else will hypertrophy? What will this do?
the septal wall, it disrupts normal LV outflow tract
What is the first clinical manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Why is this?
sudden death, majority of cases are asymptomatic
What is the difference between non-obstructive HCM and obstructive HCM?
In obstructive HCM, the septal wall thickens and LV stiffens, obstructing BF to the aorta
In non-obstructive HCM, the LV stiffens, which will reduce LVEDV and SV but blood flow is not blocked
What are the S and S of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? (9)
chest pain (with exercise)
shortness of breath (with exercise)
fatigue
arrhythmia
dizziness
lightheadedness
fainting
syncope
swelling everywhere (veins in neck, legs, and stomach)
What are longtime complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
atrial fibrilation
dysrhythmias
heart failure
history of myocardial infarction
how do you treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
alcohol septal ablation
implantable cardioverter defibrilator (ICD)
heart transplants
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by?
restricted diastolic filling/loss of compliance (diastolic dysfunction
idiopathic fibrosis - rigid heart walls and reduced compliance.
is systolic function normal in restrictive cardiomyopathy? what about diastolic?
systolic function is normal. (contraction is normal)
diastolic function is diminished (ventricles cannot enlarge the way the should to fill).
Is ESV normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
yes
is EF normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
yes
is SV normal w restrictive cardiomyopathy?
No, it is compromised
Is EDV normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?
No, it is diminished.
What are the symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (4)
dyspnea with exertion
abdominal swelling
ankle edema
fatigue
What are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (7)
scleroderma
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis (fibrotic scarring)
diabetes
hemochromatosis
chemotherapeutic agents
radiation exposure
