Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What are the types of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 1

dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 2

Remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathic heart results in: (6)

Answer 2

fibrosis
a heavy heart
hypertrophied cardiac myocytes
loss of myofibrils
reduced mitochondrial function
thinning of chamber walls

Question 3

What are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

viral infections
toxins
genetic mutations
metabolic disorders
myocarditis

Question 4

What are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

orthopnea
fatigue
dyspnea
increased weight gain
increased edema

Question 5

what are signs of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 5

tachypnea
tachycardia
hypertension or hypotension

Question 6

What are other findings that may be present if someone has dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 6

hypoxia (clubbing and cyanosis)
jugular vein distention
pulmonary edema
enlarged liver
ascites or peripheral edema

Question 7

Name 2 ways you could attempt to manage dilated cardiomyopathy without medications.

Answer 7

Restrict their sodium intake
restrict their fluids

Question 8

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by?

Answer 8

a thickened LV wall with a non-dilated LV chamber

Question 9

Which of the cardiomyopathies are genetically linked with autosomal dominance?

Answer 9

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 10

With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, normal blood pressure is:

Answer 10

perceived as excessive by the defective myocytes

Question 11

Other than the LV wall hypertrophy experienced with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, what else will hypertrophy? What will this do?

Answer 11

the septal wall, it disrupts normal LV outflow tract

Question 12

What is the first clinical manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Why is this?

Answer 12

sudden death, majority of cases are asymptomatic

Question 13

What is the difference between non-obstructive HCM and obstructive HCM?

Answer 13

In obstructive HCM, the septal wall thickens and LV stiffens, obstructing BF to the aorta
In non-obstructive HCM, the LV stiffens, which will reduce LVEDV and SV but blood flow is not blocked

Question 14

What are the S and S of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? (9)

Answer 14

chest pain (with exercise)
shortness of breath (with exercise)
fatigue
arrhythmia
dizziness
lightheadedness
fainting
syncope
swelling everywhere (veins in neck, legs, and stomach)

Question 15

What are longtime complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 15

atrial fibrilation
dysrhythmias
heart failure
history of myocardial infarction

Question 16

how do you treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 16

alcohol septal ablation
implantable cardioverter defibrilator (ICD)
heart transplants

Question 17

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by?

Answer 17

restricted diastolic filling/loss of compliance (diastolic dysfunction
idiopathic fibrosis - rigid heart walls and reduced compliance.

Question 18

is systolic function normal in restrictive cardiomyopathy? what about diastolic?

Answer 18

systolic function is normal. (contraction is normal)
diastolic function is diminished (ventricles cannot enlarge the way the should to fill).

Question 19

Is ESV normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

is EF normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

is SV normal w restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 21

No, it is compromised

Question 22

Is EDV normal with restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

No, it is diminished.

Question 23

What are the symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (4)

Answer 23

dyspnea with exertion
abdominal swelling
ankle edema
fatigue

Question 24

What are the causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (7)

Answer 24

scleroderma
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis (fibrotic scarring)
diabetes
hemochromatosis
chemotherapeutic agents
radiation exposure