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peds 1 > congenital infections > Flashcards

congenital infections Flashcards

1
Q

classic triad of

  • Chorioretinitis
  • Intracranial calcifications
  • Hydrocephalus

asymptomatic at birth before showing these sx

A

toxoplasmosis

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2
Q

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine is used to tx what

A

toxoplasmosis

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3
Q
  • Rash: vesicular or bullous on face, diaper area, dark red copper spots on palms and soles
  • Snuffles (thick purulent nasal discharge) and fissures in the lips
  • periostitis
  • many are asymptomatic at birth
  • untreated even without sx can develop late manifestation after 2 years
A

early congenital syphillis

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4
Q
  • Sx in newborn begin within 3-7 days - pneumonia, exanthems, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis, hepatitis, conjunctivitis, myocarditis and pericarditis
  • mom gets mild non specific sx
  • no specific tx
  • passed perinatally
A

enterovirus

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5
Q

what should you do in infants exposed to Hep B after they complete their vaxx series

A

test for HBsAg and anti-HBs

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6
Q
  • Most children with chronic infection are asymptomatic, although liver failure is possible
  • spontaneous viral clearance is possible
  • antibody testing at 18 months will identify if they have the infection
A

Hep C

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7
Q

is HIV transmitted via breastfeeding?

A

yes

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8
Q

what should you if HIV status is unknown in birthing parent

A

rapid test in labor & delivery
test in first trimester

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9
Q

Prenatal and intrapartum zidovudine (AZT) does what

A

reduces rate of HIV transmission by 68%

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10
Q

what kind of delivery reduces likelihood of HIV transmission

A

c-section BEFORE ROM

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11
Q

tx for infants at low risk of HIV

A

start AZT w/in 1 hr and continue for 4 wks

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12
Q

tx for infants at high risk for HIV

A

3 drug regimen w/in 1 hr and give AZT for 4 wks

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13
Q

how many times are infants tested for HIV

A

4 times
w/in 24 hrs, 2-3 wks, 4-6 wks, 4-6 months

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14
Q
  • infection during pregnancy can lead to fetal death
  • half of pregnant ppl are immune to it
A

parovirus

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15
Q
  • Maternal varicella within _ days before delivery to _ days after delivery often fatal to infant
  • tx infants w exposure with VariZig
  • separate mom and baby till moms vesicles are dried
  • pumped breast milk ok if no active breast lesions
A

5 days before delivery to 2 days after

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16
Q
  • IUGR
  • Scarring skin lesions,dermatomal distribution
  • Limb hypoplasia
  • Ocular defects: chorioretinitis, cataracts
  • CNS: seizures, mental retardation, microcephaly
  • Mortality after birth 30% without tx
A

congenital varicella syndrome

17
Q
  • Infection during first trimester slightly higher risk
  • Symptomatic and asymptomatic women equally at risk for transmitting disease to newborn
  • No current vaccine or antiviral treatment
A

zika virus

18
Q

what do you do for symptomatic women w/ exposure hx to zika virus

A

check blood and/or urine for Zika and dengue viruses w/in 7 days of sx

19
Q

what do you do for asymptomatic women w/ ISOLATED exposure hx

A

no testing

20
Q

what do you do for asymptomatic women w/ ONGOING exposure hx

A

check blood 3x in pregnancy

21
Q
  • Severe microcephaly
  • Subcortical calcifications
  • Ventriculomegaly
  • Growth restriction
  • Eye (macular scarring) and ear abnormalities
  • Developmental delays
  • Contractures of major joints

these are indicative of what infant condition

A

congenital zika syndrome

22
Q
  • v rare
  • all pregnant women are screened
  • infection in first 20 wks leads to structural fetal defects but not in 3rd trimester
A

rubella

23
Q

CHD
cataracts
deafness
* IUGR
* jaundice w/ HSM
* can result in miscarriage or fetal date

these are classic presentatiions for what congenital syndrome

A

congenital rubela syndrome (CRS)

24
Q

blueberry muffin rash that fades by 3-6 wks after birth should make you think of???

A

CRS

25
Q

most comon congenital infection is? how is it transmitted?

A

CMV
transmitted via transplacental passage

26
Q

leading non-genetic cause of SNHL but later onset hearing loss common

A

congenital CMV

27
Q
  • Jaundice with thrombocytopenic purpura = blueberry muffin rash
  • microcephaly
  • intracraial periventricular calcifications

these are classic signs of?

A

congenital CMV

28
Q

how is CMV dx? when?

A
  • salivary PCR w/ confirmatory urine
  • first 3 wks of life
29
Q

when and how is congenital CMV tx?

A
  • must start w/in first month of life
  • oral valgancyclovir for 6 months (IV ganciclovir if life threatening)
30
Q

with which infection do you avoid use of scalp electrode for fetal monitoring when possible

A

HSV

31
Q

tx for neonates w/ HSV

A

IV acyclovir

peds 1 (7 decks)

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