CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES Flashcards
It is present at birth and affects the heart walls, heart valves and blood vessels
Congenital Heart Disease
Normal blood circulation of the unoxygenated blood
Unoxygenated blood from the diff parts of the body will empty from superior and inferior vena cava to right atrium then pass through tricuspid valve going to the right ventricle then it will pass through the pulmonary valve then the pulmonary artery and then will go to the lungs for oxygenation.
Normal Blood Circulation of the oxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood from the lungs will empty to the left atrium then pass though the mitral valve then go to the left ventricle and pass through the aortic valve then will go to the aorta to be distributed to the different parts of the body
It contains enough oxygen but found abnormally around the body
Acyanotic Heart Disease
It involves heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood from the atrial to the venous system.
Acyanotic Heart Disease
Direction of AHD
Oxygenated to unoxygenated; left to right shunts
It cause the heart to function as an ineffective pump and make the child prone to heart failure
Acyanotic Heart Disease
Occurs when blood is shunted from the venous to the arterial system as a result of abnormal communication between to systems
Cyanotic Heart Disease
Direction of Cyanotic Heart Disease
Deoxygenated blood to oxygenated; right to left shunts
An opening present in the septum between two ventricles
Ventricular Septal Defect
Direction of VSD
Left to right across septum (oxy to deoxy)
It impairs the effect heart because the blood that should go into the aorta and our body is shunted back into the pulmonary artery
Ventricular Septal Defect
Signs and Symptoms of VSD
Easy fatigue
Loud and harsh pansystolic murmur
Evident in left sternal border between 3rd and 4th interspace
Therapeutic management of VSD
85% will spontaneously close
Moderate in size - interventional cardiac catheterization
Larger ones (over 3mm) - require open heart surgery
Is an abnormal communication between the two atrial allowing blood to shift from left to right atrium because the stronger contraction of the left side of the heart.
Atrial Septal Defect
Direction of ASD
Left to right; oxy to deoxy
Signs and symptoms of ASD
Dyspnea on mild exertion
Harsh systolic murmur on 3rd interspace
Therapeutic management of ASD
Surgery to close defect is done by 1-3 yrs of age
Cause increase volume on the right side of the heart and results to ventricular hypertrophy and increased pulmonary artery blood flow
Atrial Septal Defect
It is the persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and pulmonic arteries
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
It is an accessory fetal structure that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Ductus Arteriosus
When thus the closure of the ductus arteriosus must happen?
First breath up to 3 mos
What will happen if the ductus arteriosus will fail to close
The blood will shunt from the aorta (oxy) to the pulmonary artery (deoxy) due to increase pressure in the aorta.
The increase pressure in the pulmonary circulation from the extra shunted blood due to patent ductus arteriosus will cause?
Right ventricle hypertrophy
S/SX of PDA
Wide pulse pressure
Machinery like murmur at upper left sternal border
or left clavicle in older children.
Therapeutic management of PDA
Ibuprofen for pain reliever
Surgery to 6 mos to 1 yr of age
It is a narrowing of the lumen due to a constricting band.
Coarctation of the Aorta
Bp increase if?
Proximal to coarctation
BP decreases if?
Distal to coarctation
Results of coarctation of the aorta
increase bp of the Heart and upper portion of subclavian artery increases
S/sx of coarctation of the aorta
Headache and vertigo
irritability
Epistaxis
Absence of palpable femoral pulse
Leg pain on exertion
therapeutic management of coarctation of the aorta
Interventional angiography (a balloon catheter) or surgery
It is a combination of the four heart anomalies present.
Tetralogy of Fallot
The 4 heart anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular Septal defect
Dextroposition (Overriding of the Aorta)
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
A narrowing or thickening of the valve hat connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary stenosis
Thickening of the muscular wall of the right ventricle. The thickened wall can contribute to blocking the flow of blood through the pulmonary valve
Right ventricular hypertrophy
The artery that carries high oxygen blood to the body is out of place and arises above both ventricles instead of just the left ventricle as in the healthy heart
Overriding the Aorta
S/sx of the tetralogy of fallot
cyanosis
polycythemia
severe dyspnea
syncope (fainting)
hypoxic episodes (tet spells)
Therapeutic management of ToF
Squatting or knee chest position when resting
Surgery done at 1-2 years
Interventional cardia catheterization
It gives physiologic relief to an overstressed heart by trapping blood in the lower extremities.
Squatting
It happens when there is a decrease blood supply to the brain
Syncope and Hypoxic episodes
It is used to correct an abnormality such as dilating a narrowed valve by the use of a balloon catheter
Interventional cardiac catherization
