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MCN 109 LECTURE MIDTERMS > CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES > Flashcards

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

It is present at birth and affects the heart walls, heart valves and blood vessels

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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2
Q

Normal blood circulation of the unoxygenated blood

A

Unoxygenated blood from the diff parts of the body will empty from superior and inferior vena cava to right atrium then pass through tricuspid valve going to the right ventricle then it will pass through the pulmonary valve then the pulmonary artery and then will go to the lungs for oxygenation.

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3
Q

Normal Blood Circulation of the oxygenated blood

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs will empty to the left atrium then pass though the mitral valve then go to the left ventricle and pass through the aortic valve then will go to the aorta to be distributed to the different parts of the body

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4
Q

It contains enough oxygen but found abnormally around the body

A

Acyanotic Heart Disease

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5
Q

It involves heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood from the atrial to the venous system.

A

Acyanotic Heart Disease

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6
Q

Direction of AHD

A

Oxygenated to unoxygenated; left to right shunts

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7
Q

It cause the heart to function as an ineffective pump and make the child prone to heart failure

A

Acyanotic Heart Disease

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8
Q

Occurs when blood is shunted from the venous to the arterial system as a result of abnormal communication between to systems

A

Cyanotic Heart Disease

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9
Q

Direction of Cyanotic Heart Disease

A

Deoxygenated blood to oxygenated; right to left shunts

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10
Q

An opening present in the septum between two ventricles

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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11
Q

Direction of VSD

A

Left to right across septum (oxy to deoxy)

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12
Q

It impairs the effect heart because the blood that should go into the aorta and our body is shunted back into the pulmonary artery

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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13
Q

Signs and Symptoms of VSD

A

Easy fatigue
Loud and harsh pansystolic murmur
Evident in left sternal border between 3rd and 4th interspace

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14
Q

Therapeutic management of VSD

A

85% will spontaneously close
Moderate in size - interventional cardiac catheterization
Larger ones (over 3mm) - require open heart surgery

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15
Q

Is an abnormal communication between the two atrial allowing blood to shift from left to right atrium because the stronger contraction of the left side of the heart.

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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16
Q

Direction of ASD

A

Left to right; oxy to deoxy

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of ASD

A

Dyspnea on mild exertion
Harsh systolic murmur on 3rd interspace

18
Q

Therapeutic management of ASD

A

Surgery to close defect is done by 1-3 yrs of age

19
Q

Cause increase volume on the right side of the heart and results to ventricular hypertrophy and increased pulmonary artery blood flow

A

Atrial Septal Defect

20
Q

It is the persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta and pulmonic arteries

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

21
Q

It is an accessory fetal structure that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta

A

Ductus Arteriosus

22
Q

When thus the closure of the ductus arteriosus must happen?

A

First breath up to 3 mos

23
Q

What will happen if the ductus arteriosus will fail to close

A

The blood will shunt from the aorta (oxy) to the pulmonary artery (deoxy) due to increase pressure in the aorta.

24
Q

The increase pressure in the pulmonary circulation from the extra shunted blood due to patent ductus arteriosus will cause?

A

Right ventricle hypertrophy

25
Q

S/SX of PDA

A

Wide pulse pressure
Machinery like murmur at upper left sternal border
or left clavicle in older children.

26
Q

Therapeutic management of PDA

A

Ibuprofen for pain reliever
Surgery to 6 mos to 1 yr of age

27
Q

It is a narrowing of the lumen due to a constricting band.

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

28
Q

Bp increase if?

A

Proximal to coarctation

29
Q

BP decreases if?

A

Distal to coarctation

30
Q

Results of coarctation of the aorta

A

increase bp of the Heart and upper portion of subclavian artery increases

31
Q

S/sx of coarctation of the aorta

A

Headache and vertigo
irritability
Epistaxis
Absence of palpable femoral pulse
Leg pain on exertion

32
Q

therapeutic management of coarctation of the aorta

A

Interventional angiography (a balloon catheter) or surgery

33
Q

It is a combination of the four heart anomalies present.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

34
Q

The 4 heart anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular Septal defect
Dextroposition (Overriding of the Aorta)
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

35
Q

A narrowing or thickening of the valve hat connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary stenosis

36
Q

Thickening of the muscular wall of the right ventricle. The thickened wall can contribute to blocking the flow of blood through the pulmonary valve

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

37
Q

The artery that carries high oxygen blood to the body is out of place and arises above both ventricles instead of just the left ventricle as in the healthy heart

A

Overriding the Aorta

38
Q

S/sx of the tetralogy of fallot

A

cyanosis
polycythemia
severe dyspnea
syncope (fainting)
hypoxic episodes (tet spells)

39
Q

Therapeutic management of ToF

A

Squatting or knee chest position when resting
Surgery done at 1-2 years
Interventional cardia catheterization

40
Q

It gives physiologic relief to an overstressed heart by trapping blood in the lower extremities.

A

Squatting

41
Q

It happens when there is a decrease blood supply to the brain

A

Syncope and Hypoxic episodes

42
Q

It is used to correct an abnormality such as dilating a narrowed valve by the use of a balloon catheter

A

Interventional cardiac catherization

MCN 109 LECTURE MIDTERMS (16 decks)

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