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Cardiology > Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

A bounding and bisferiens pulse occurs in…

A

HOCM.

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2
Q

HCM syncope can be treated with … or … and if repetitive with…

A

betablockers, calcium blockers or disopiramide AND dual chamber PPM AND myotomy/myectomy.

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3
Q

Ebstein anomaly is more frequent in this gender. …

A

equal

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4
Q

Complete AV canal is most common in … syndrome.

A

Down

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5
Q

Pulmonic valve stenosis and MVP are present in patients with … syndrome.

A

Costello

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6
Q

Pulmonic valve stenosis and HOCM are present in patients with … syndrome.

A

Noonan

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7
Q

Dilation of the coronary sinus can occur with this anomaly, …

A

persistent left SVC.

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8
Q

…(pressor) is contraindicated in the setting of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

A

Dobutamine

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9
Q

The most common anomaly leading to sudden cardiac death is the…

A

anomalous origin of the LM from the right sinus of Valsalva. The subsequent course between the aorta and pulmonary artery to the left ventricle may result in compression of the vessel, myocardial ischemia, and sudden death in both adults and teenagers dur

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10
Q

A commonly encountered anomaly of the atrial septum is… in which there is benign infiltration by lipomatous tissue of the primum and superior atrial septum; the valve of the foramen ovale is spared, resulting in a “dumbbell” configuration of the atrial

A

lipomatous atrial hypertrophy

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11
Q

A substantial percentage of individuals have a multilobed…, which can result in a confusing appearance because the septation between the two lobes may be confused for thrombus.

A

left atrial appendage

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12
Q

In a true… , there will be only two sinuses and variable location of the coronary ostia.

A

two-leaflet bicuspid aortic valve

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13
Q

… is the single most common (NOT NECESSARELY INHERITED) congenital cardiac defect and occurs in approximately 2 percent of the population.

A

The bicuspid aortic valve

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14
Q

There is a strong association between coarctation of the aorta and…

A

bicuspid aortic valve.

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15
Q

The most common congenital abnormality associated with the pre-excitation syndrome is…

A

Ebstein’s anomaly (abnormalities of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle).

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16
Q

In patients with pre-excitation syndrome and right parietal accessory pathway (the delta wave has a similar R-R progression with transition in V2-4),… (test) is needed.

A

routine echo - to look for associated anomalies (like Ebstein’s).

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17
Q

The … procedure involves the removal of the patient’s own pulmonary valve and adjacent main pulmonary artery, which are used to replace the diseased aortic valve, usually with the neighboring aorta, and reimplantation of the coronary arteries into the g

A

Ross

18
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot represents a constellation of lesions, including a… , obstruction to right ventricular outflow tract at either the infundibular or valvular level, right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided aortic arch.

A

ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta

19
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot represents a constellation of lesions, including a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, obstruction to right ventricular outflow tract at either the infundibular or valvular level, right ventricular hypertrophy and …

A

right-sided aortic arch.

20
Q

… represents the most common congenital intracardiac shunt encountered in infants and children.

A

Ventricular septal defect

21
Q

The threshold for recommending closure of an atrial septal defect has diminished to a Qp/Qs (pulmonary/systemic flow ratio) of >…

A

1.5.

22
Q

… is an isolated malposition of the great vessels due to failure of the conotruncos to appropriately coil (pulmonary artery

A

D-Transposition

23
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot represents a constellation of lesions, including a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, obstruction to right ventricular outflow tract at either the infundibular or valvular level, … and right-sided aortic arch.

A

right ventricular hypertrophy

24
Q

The most common location of an atrial septal defect is … (70% of the cases).

A

secundum

25
Q

… is a common association with Ebstein anomaly and should be considered in all instances.

A

Atrial septal defect

26
Q

Narrowing or coarctation of the aorta occurs … (location).

A

after the takeoff of the left subclavian artery

27
Q

… of the great vessels results in “corrected” transposition, in which physiological blood flow is maintained.

A

L-Transposition

28
Q

… represents the most common cyanotic congenital lesion to be encountered that is likely to result in survival to adulthood and, furthermore, the most common complex lesion to be encountered in the adult population after repair.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

29
Q

The most common location for a ventricular septal defect is a …

A

small perimembranous septal defect.

30
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot represents a constellation of lesions, including a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta, … , right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided aortic arch.

A

obstruction to right ventricular outflow tract at either the infundibular or valvular level

31
Q

This congenital abnormality of the MITRAL valve, likely to be encountered in adult populations, is… , seen in association with a primum atrial septal defect.

A

the cleft mitral valve

32
Q

… of the great vessels results in two parallel circulations and is obviously not compatible with life in the absence of an intracardiac shunt such as a persistent ductus or large ventricular or atrial septal defect.

A

D-Transposition

33
Q

… occurs when there is both inversion of the ventricles and transposition of the great arteries (anatomical right atrium > anatomical mitral valve > anatomical left ventricle > pulmonary artery; left atrium > anatomical tricuspid valve > anatomical righ

A

L-Transposition

34
Q

The outflow tract obstruction results in a characteristic … pattern on the aortic valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (dz), and is best visualized with M-mode echocardiography.

A

systolic notching

35
Q

Women with… cardiac congenital defects tolerate pregnancy well.

A

asymptomatic acyanotic

36
Q

Medical therapy with… is first-line management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; verapamil is an alternative.

A

beta-blockers

37
Q

A PDA should be closed even with a small shunt to reduce the risk of…

A

endarteritis.

38
Q

Coarctation of the aorta should be corrected when the patient has proximal hypertension and a gradient of… mm Hg or more.

A

20

39
Q

Women with Eisenmenger’s syndrome should be advised against…

A

pregnancy.

40
Q

In pregnant patients with SLE, an anti-Ro antibody titer should be obtained, positive results increasing the likelihood that the baby will have…

A

neonatal heart block.

Cardiology (12 decks)

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