CHF and CMP Flashcards
Several nonspecific measures may be important, including avoidance of exercise, electrocardiographic monitoring, antiarrhythmic drugs in selected patients, treatment of HF, and anticoagulation in pts with…
myocarditis
The definitive diagnosis of myocarditis can be made only by …
endomyocardial biopsy
The most frequently implicated viruses in … are Coxsackie B virus, adenovirus, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus (CMV), echovirus, influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the viruses of childhood exanthematous diseases.
myocarditis
The most successful therapeutic regimen of the patient with ascites is the combination of single morning oral doses of… (2 drugs), beginning with 100 mg and 40 mg, respectively.
spironolactone and furosemide
Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne, Becker, Emery-Dreifuss) can be associated with… (CV conditions)
cardiomyopathy and cardiac rhythm disturbances.
… is most frequently used in severe, medically refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock and should not be routinely used in sepsis because of the risk of hypotension.
Dobutamine
This invasive procedure is performed every 6-12 months post cardiac transplant:…
coronary angiography.
… is the name given to the pathologic ventricular dilatation that occurs after AMI.
Ventricular remodeling
A minority of CHF patients with severely impaired renal function need… (intervention).
fluid restriction
A minority of CHF patients with significant hyponatremia need… (intervention).
fluid restriction
Although routine use of… in patients with mild CHF is not recommended, it may be reasonable to use this agent in place of K replacement in those with diuretic-induced hypokalemia.
spironolactone
In order to initiate a progressive exercise program, CHF patients need a…
submaximal or maximal monitored exercise test.
In patients presenting with acute CHF decompensation, the dose of beta-blockers should be reduced… % and tapered gradually if necessary.
50
The vasodilator heart failure trial (V-HeFT) was the first large scale trial in CHF showing a reduced mortality by 34% in patients treated with…
hydralazine 50mg and isosorbide dinitrate 40mg q6h.
… (morphology) is the greatest in endurance sports like rowing and cycling.
Athletic hypertrophy
The combination of furosemide and a… can be especially helpful when edema is refractory to either agent alone.
thiazide
Any patient with… cardiomyopathy should be strongly counseled against future pregnancies.
postpartum
A minority of CHF patients with refractory fluid retention need… (intervention).
fluid restriction
The only use for calcium blockers in CHF is for… , but not for CHF itself, and the only drug should be amlodipine.
angina or HTN
High… intake in patients on diuretics increases potassium loss and exacerbate hypokalemia.
salt
When the sum of the posterior wall and septum widths divided by the end-diastolic LV diameter is more than… , in a patient with CHF and normal EF, it can be assumed that diastolic dysfunction, LV hypertrophy or infiltrative cardiomyopathy is present.
0.45
This class of diuretics… is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulfonamide-derived drugs.
thiazide diuretics
… , apart from being the most widely used calcium blocker in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, has a beneficial effect on angina and dyspnea and also improves exercise capacity.
Verapamil
… (class) most often are used to treat patients with impaired cardiac function and medically refractory heart failure, but their vasodilatory properties limit their use in hypotensive patients.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (amrinone and milrinone)
