Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

A congenital heart defect means it was present at _____.

Answer 1

birth

Question 2

What are the 3 kinds of CHD?

Answer 2

A-cyanotic
Cyanotic
Obstructive

Question 3

Which type of CHD is an increase of pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 3

A-cyanotic CHD’s

Question 4

Which type of CHD is a decrease in pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 4

Cyanotic CHD’s

Question 5

Which type of CHD is an obstruction of blood flow?

Answer 5

Obstructive CHD’s

Question 6

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus

These are the CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?

Answer 6

These are A-cyanotic CHD’s

Question 7

-Truncus arteriosus
-Transposition of great vessels
-Tricuspid Atresia
-Tetralogy of Fallot
-Total anomalous pulmonary vascular return (TAPVR)

These are CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?

Answer 7

These are cyanotic CHD’s

Question 8

pulmonary stenosis
aortic stenosis
coarctation of the aorta

These are CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?

Answer 8

these are obstructive CHD’s

Question 9

These are a few examples of what, for CHD?
-medications
-infection
-substance abuse
-dietary deficiency
-obesity/ diabetes

Answer 9

these are risk factors for a baby/ fetus developing a CHD

Question 10

-pulse oximetry
-ECG/ EKG
-echocardiogram
-chest x-ray
-cardiac cath.
-MRI
-lab studies

These are _________ used in the process of identifying a heart defect.

Answer 10

diagnostics

Question 11

What are some ways a congenital heart defect can be prevented?

Answer 11

-proper prenatal care
-avoid alcohol, smoking + drugs
-rubella vaccine
-control blood sugar + manage chronic health conditions
-check with PCP before taking any medications

Question 12

What are the signs and symptoms of an A-cyanotic CHD?

Answer 12

poor appetite
difficulty feeding
SOB w/ activity
fainting during activity
severe fatigue
chest pain
tachypnea
edema of hands/feet
hypotension
signs of HF
heart murmurs

Question 13

An ASD or an VSD means there is a hole in the septum that separates the 2 atria or ventricles, which allows oxygen rich + poor blood to mix. This ______ the amount of blood flow to the lungs.

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

What is the non surgical procedure that could be done to close an ASD or VSD?

Answer 14

cardiac catheterization

Question 15

Which A-cyanotic CHD could you wait and see if it spontaneously closes?

Answer 15

ventricular septal defect could have a spontaneous closure

Question 16

true or false? Diuretics are given to reduce the workload of the heart.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

what are the surgical treatments for ASD?

Answer 17

-patch closure
-cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 18

What are the surgical treatments for VSD?

Answer 18

-pulmonary artery banding
-patch closure/ repair

rx of heart block w/ patch

Question 19

Which A-cyanotic CHD is being described?

This is when a blood vessel that’s supposed to close after birth, doesn’t and it results in abnormal blood flow through the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Answer 19

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 20

What medication is given for PDA to help close the open blood vessel?

Answer 20

Indomethacin

Question 21

What is the procedure called to treat PDA that inserts coils to occlude to open vessel?

Answer 21

cardiac cath.

Question 22

What is the surgical procedure called for PDA that will ligate the vessels to treat it?

Answer 22

Thoracoscopic repair

Question 23

Describe Truncus Arteriosus. (1)

makes 1 trunc (trunk) instead of 2 branches (vessels)

Answer 23

this is when the aorta and pulmonary artery join and make 1 vessel instead of 2

Question 24

How soon is surgery done to treat Truncus Arteriosus?

Answer 24

within the first month of life

Question 25

Describe Transposition of the Great Vessels. (2)

Answer 25

this is when the 2 major vessels are switched - aorta + pulmonary artery

Question 26

In transposition of the great vessels, surgery is done within the first 2 weeks of life. What medication is given to keep the ducts open until surgery can be done?

Answer 26

Prostaglandin (IV)

Question 27

Describe the most common Cyanotic CHD - Tricuspid Atresia (3)

Answer 27

this is when the tricuspid valve is missing or it is abnormally developed

Question 28

Tetralogy of Fallot is the 4th type of cyanotic CHD's. What are the 4 defects that makeup this type?

Answer 28

-VSD -pulmonary stenosis -overriding aorta -R. ventricular hypertrophy

Question 29

What is the 5th cyanotic CHD? TAPVR (5 letters)

Answer 29

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Vascular Return **this is where the pulmonary veins are connected to the right atrium instead of the left, so oxygen rich + poor blood are mixing = decreased O2 to the body**

Question 30

cyanosis tet spells clubbing difficulty breathing low O2 sat palpitations fainting fatigue chest pain arrhythmias these are signs and symptoms of which type of CHD?

Answer 30

Cyanotic CD's

Question 31

Which obstructive CHD is being described? -blood flow from the R. ventricle to the pulmonary artery is obstructed due to the pulmonary valve narrowing. S+S - possibly asymptomatic, systolic ejection murmur, varying cyanosis, cardiomegaly, HF

Answer 31

pulmonary stenosis

Question 32

Which obstructive CHD is being described? -this is when the aortic valve becomes narrowed and restricts blood flow to L. ventricle, aorta and body. S+S Infants - faint pulses, hypotension, tachycardia, poor feeding tolerance S+S kids - exercise intolerance, dizziness, chest pain, possible ejection murmur

Answer 32

Aortic Stenosis

Question 33

Which obstructive CHD is being described? - this is the narrowing of the Aorta S+S Infants - HTN in the arms, low BP in the legs, bounding pulse, cool skin on legs, weak/ absent femoral pulses, HF S+S kids - dizziness, headache, fainting, nosebleeds

Answer 33

coarctation of the aorta

Question 34

What vital sign is part of the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta and should be taken in all 4 extremities?

Answer 34

blood pressure