Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
A congenital heart defect means it was present at _____.
birth
What are the 3 kinds of CHD?
A-cyanotic
Cyanotic
Obstructive
Which type of CHD is an increase of pulmonary blood flow?
A-cyanotic CHD’s
Which type of CHD is a decrease in pulmonary blood flow?
Cyanotic CHD’s
Which type of CHD is an obstruction of blood flow?
Obstructive CHD’s
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
These are the CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?
These are A-cyanotic CHD’s
-Truncus arteriosus
-Transposition of great vessels
-Tricuspid Atresia
-Tetralogy of Fallot
-Total anomalous pulmonary vascular return (TAPVR)
These are CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?
These are cyanotic CHD’s
pulmonary stenosis
aortic stenosis
coarctation of the aorta
These are CHD’s that fall under which TYPE?
these are obstructive CHD’s
These are a few examples of what, for CHD?
-medications
-infection
-substance abuse
-dietary deficiency
-obesity/ diabetes
these are risk factors for a baby/ fetus developing a CHD
-pulse oximetry
-ECG/ EKG
-echocardiogram
-chest x-ray
-cardiac cath.
-MRI
-lab studies
These are _________ used in the process of identifying a heart defect.
diagnostics
What are some ways a congenital heart defect can be prevented?
-proper prenatal care
-avoid alcohol, smoking + drugs
-rubella vaccine
-control blood sugar + manage chronic health conditions
-check with PCP before taking any medications
What are the signs and symptoms of an A-cyanotic CHD?
poor appetite
difficulty feeding
SOB w/ activity
fainting during activity
severe fatigue
chest pain
tachypnea
edema of hands/feet
hypotension
signs of HF
heart murmurs
An ASD or an VSD means there is a hole in the septum that separates the 2 atria or ventricles, which allows oxygen rich + poor blood to mix. This ______ the amount of blood flow to the lungs.
increases
What is the non surgical procedure that could be done to close an ASD or VSD?
cardiac catheterization
Which A-cyanotic CHD could you wait and see if it spontaneously closes?
ventricular septal defect could have a spontaneous closure
true or false? Diuretics are given to reduce the workload of the heart.
TRUE
what are the surgical treatments for ASD?
-patch closure
-cardiopulmonary bypass
What are the surgical treatments for VSD?
-pulmonary artery banding
-patch closure/ repair
rx of heart block w/ patch
Which A-cyanotic CHD is being described?
This is when a blood vessel that’s supposed to close after birth, doesn’t and it results in abnormal blood flow through the aorta and pulmonary artery.
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
What medication is given for PDA to help close the open blood vessel?
Indomethacin
What is the procedure called to treat PDA that inserts coils to occlude to open vessel?
cardiac cath.
What is the surgical procedure called for PDA that will ligate the vessels to treat it?
Thoracoscopic repair
Describe Truncus Arteriosus. (1)
makes 1 trunc (trunk) instead of 2 branches (vessels)
this is when the aorta and pulmonary artery join and make 1 vessel instead of 2
How soon is surgery done to treat Truncus Arteriosus?
within the first month of life
Describe Transposition of the Great Vessels. (2)
this is when the 2 major vessels are switched - aorta + pulmonary artery
In transposition of the great vessels, surgery is done within the first 2 weeks of life. What medication is given to keep the ducts open until surgery can be done?
Prostaglandin (IV)
Describe the most common Cyanotic CHD - Tricuspid Atresia (3)
this is when the tricuspid valve is missing or it is abnormally developed
Tetralogy of Fallot is the 4th type of cyanotic CHD’s. What are the 4 defects that makeup this type?
-VSD
-pulmonary stenosis
-overriding aorta
-R. ventricular hypertrophy
What is the 5th cyanotic CHD? TAPVR (5 letters)
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Vascular Return
this is where the pulmonary veins are connected to the right atrium instead of the left, so oxygen rich + poor blood are mixing = decreased O2 to the body
cyanosis
tet spells
clubbing
difficulty breathing
low O2 sat
palpitations
fainting
fatigue
chest pain
arrhythmias
these are signs and symptoms of which type of CHD?
Cyanotic CD’s
Which obstructive CHD is being described?
-blood flow from the R. ventricle to the pulmonary artery is obstructed due to the pulmonary valve narrowing.
S+S - possibly asymptomatic, systolic ejection murmur, varying cyanosis, cardiomegaly, HF
pulmonary stenosis
Which obstructive CHD is being described?
-this is when the aortic valve becomes narrowed and restricts blood flow to L. ventricle, aorta and body.
S+S Infants - faint pulses, hypotension, tachycardia, poor feeding tolerance
S+S kids - exercise intolerance, dizziness, chest pain, possible ejection murmur
Aortic Stenosis
Which obstructive CHD is being described?
- this is the narrowing of the Aorta
S+S Infants - HTN in the arms, low BP in the legs, bounding pulse, cool skin on legs, weak/ absent femoral pulses, HF
S+S kids - dizziness, headache, fainting, nosebleeds
coarctation of the aorta
What vital sign is part of the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta and should be taken in all 4 extremities?
blood pressure
