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PEDS Exam 2 > Congenital Heart > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what maternal issues can cause birth defects

A

meds, diabetes or any other diesease

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2
Q

what attributes of the baby can cause birth defect?

A

pre term, weight,

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3
Q

what will pulses be like in a child with heart defect

A

un equal pulses

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4
Q

what will you be able to auscultate in a child with a heart defect?

A

murmur

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5
Q

what is used to diagnose heart defects?

A

x ray, ultrasound, ecg

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6
Q

what is a cardiac cath?

A
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7
Q

what is done during pre op for cardiac cath?

A

baseline weight, height, infections, pulses, NPO for 6-8 hours before

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8
Q

what should be done post op for cardiac cath

A

continous ekg, pulse ox, distal pulses, veins lay flat for 4-6 hours, and artery lay flay for 6-8

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9
Q

what kind of diet are cardiac cath patients on post op?

A

water to clear to full liquid to regular

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10
Q

what is correlated with asynotic heart problems?

A

heart failure

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11
Q

what are the acyanotic heart problems?

A

ventricular septal defect ,patent ductus arteriosis, pulmonic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta

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12
Q

what happens during ventricular septal defect?

A

the blood from the left ventricle mixes with the right

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13
Q

what are the cyanotic heart problems?

A

tetralogy fallot and transposition of greater arteries/vessels

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14
Q

what is heard during a ventricular setptal defect?

A

a loud murmur

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15
Q

what can happen to the lungs with a ventricular septal defect?

A

pulmonary hypertension

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16
Q

what side of the heart usually fails during ventricular septal defect?

A

usually the right due to the pressure coming from the left

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17
Q

what is the operation for large ventricular septal defect?

A

dacron patch closes up larger holes through cath

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18
Q

what is the operation for the small ventricular septal defect?

A

stitch through cath

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19
Q

what is the time frame for ventricular septal defect to close?

A

1 year

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20
Q

what happens during patent ductus arteriosis?

A

the duct between the aorta and pulmonary artery stay open causing the oxygenated blood to go the lungs

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21
Q

what can pda lead to in lungs?

A

pulmonary hypertension due to the pressure from the aorta

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22
Q

are patients alway symptomatic with pda?

A

no

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23
Q

what kind of murmur is present in pda?

A

washing machine

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24
Q

what populations most have PDAs

A

pre matures babies

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25
Q

when do PDAs usually close

A

within the first weeks of birht

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26
Q

what surgery is used to correct PDAs?

A

occlusion coils

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27
Q

what meds are used to treat PDAs

A

indomethacin and ibuprofen

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28
Q

why is indomethacin and ibuprofen used to treat PDA

A

to inhibit prostglandins becuase they keep the duct openn

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29
Q

why are prostaglandin bad for pda?

A

prostaglandins keep the duct open

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30
Q

what happens during pulmonic stenosis?

A

the pulmonic valve is narrowed lowering blood flow to the lungs

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31
Q

what is the treatment for pulmonic stenosis?

A

valvotomy balloon angioplasty

32
Q

what is the coarction of the aorta?

A

narrowing of the aorta

33
Q

what are the symptoms coarction of the aorta?

A

different temp, different pulse ox, perfusion, cap refill, different BP on upper and lower extremities

34
Q

is Bp higher or lower on upper extremities with coarction of the aorta?

A

higher

35
Q

what is used as treatment for coarction of the aorta?

A

surgery where they remove the narrowed portion and recconect

36
Q

what is done post of for a coarction of the aorta surgery?

A

give BP meds to keep low so sutures dont bust

37
Q

what is tetralogy of fallot?

A

when the patient has pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overidding, aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

38
Q

what is given to tetralogy of fallot patients?

A

porstaglandins to keep everything open

39
Q

what disease has tet spells?

A

fallot

40
Q

when do tet spell occur?

A

occurs when the child is emotional

41
Q

what occurs during tet spell

A

clots, seizures, LOC, suddent death

42
Q

what is the treatment for tet spell?

A

knee to chest, blow by, and morphine

43
Q

what color are tetra fallot patietns?

A

can be pink or blue

44
Q

what is transposistion?

A

occurs when there are two ciruclating systems that keep the body from oxygenating good

45
Q

what med is given to transoposistion babies?

A

prostaglandins

46
Q

what surgery is done for transposition babies?

A

they cause a atrial septal defect

47
Q

does transposistion cause chf or hypoxemia?

A

both

48
Q

does tetrology fallot cause hypoxemia or chf?

A

hypoxemia

49
Q

what are signs of HF in babies?

A

sweating during feeding, poor feeding, weight gain, anorexia

50
Q

what should you do nutrition wise of heart defect patients?

A

increase the density of calories in milk

51
Q

what is hypoxemia?

A

less oxygen in the blood

52
Q

what is hypoxia?

A

decreases tissue oxygenation

53
Q

what is polycythemia

A

too many rbc that causes the blood to be thicker

54
Q

what does polycytthemia increas the risk of?

A

strokes

55
Q

why might a cyantic/t defect patient be admitted?

A

hypoxemia, hypoxia, polycythemia, hypercyanotic, clubbibg

56
Q

what is the intervention for polycythemia?

A

hydration

57
Q

why might a child with HF/non ts be admitted?

A

decreased CO, impaired oxygenatin, poor feeindg, fluid volume excess

58
Q

what assesement should be dont on a HF patient?

A

daily weight, i and o

59
Q

what medications will HF patients take?

A

Digoxin, BP meds, diretics,

60
Q

what diuretic is potassium wasting?

A

-ide diuretics

61
Q

when should diuretics be given?

A

in the am

62
Q

what diuretics is potassium sparring?

A

Spironolactone

63
Q

how often to feed HF patietns?

A

small q3 meals

64
Q

what labs and diagnostics are ran on HF patiens?

A

electrolytes…K

echo

65
Q

if you are taking a potassium wasting diuretic what do you need?

A

potassium sup

66
Q

what kind of relationship do digoxin and k have?

A

if potassium is too high the effectiveness of digoxin decreases and if posttium is too low the digoxin effect is too strong

67
Q

when should you hold digoxin?

A

if child is under 70 or infant is under 90

68
Q

what are complications of interventions for HF?

A

digox tox, renal failure, dehydration, skin breakdon, hypothermiam hypotension, infection, aspiration

69
Q

before giving digoxin what assessment is done?

A

apical pulse for 1 full minute

70
Q

what are the digoxin complication symptoms?

A

xxxx

71
Q

what diuretic takes the longest to kick in?

A

spirolactone

72
Q

how long does spirolactone take to work?

A

days to a week

73
Q

how long does furosemide take to work?

A

within 1 hour

74
Q

what are signs of digoxin toxicity?

A
75
Q

what are precautions are cystic fibrosis patients on

A

contact precautions

76
Q
A

PEDS Exam 2 (5 decks)

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