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PEDS Exam 2 > Cancer and Mobility > Flashcards

Cancer and Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

what signs that a child might have cancer?

A

significant weight loss, petechia, ecchymosis, bone/joint pain, cold that wont go away, fever that wont go away

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2
Q

what is petechia?

A

pinpoint red dots on skin

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3
Q

what does eccymosis mean

A

bruising

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4
Q

what are diagnostics for cancer?

A

cbc, cmp, bone marrow, ct, x ray, mri

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5
Q

what are the side effects of chemo?

A

increased risk of infection, decreased clotting times, bruising, altered nutrition, anemia, nausea, vomiting, mucosal laceration, alopecia, and possible need for steroids

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6
Q

what type of line do you need for chemo?

A

picc line/central line

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6
Q

how long does it take alopecia to grow back in cancer patients?

A

3-6 months

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of leukemia?

A

Weight loss
Bruising without cause
Bone and joint pain
Tired
febrile

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8
Q

what are the treatments for leukemia?

A

chemo, radiation, and stem cell

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9
Q

what is the prognosis for leukemia?

A

treatable

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10
Q

what is wilms tumor?

A

a tumor that grows on the kidneys

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11
Q

what does wilms tumor look like visually?

A

large mass on one side of the body that is not painful on palpation

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12
Q

what is the treatment for wilms tumor?

A

surgically remove and chem

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13
Q

what should you be careful of with a wilms tumor patient?

A

dont palpate and dont rupture the tumor

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14
Q

what diagnostics are used to find wilms?

A

CT, MRI, ultrasound

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15
Q

what vaccines should cancer patients void?

A

MMR, Varicella, RV

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16
Q

are fractures common in infants?

A

no

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17
Q

what is the most common bones broke in children?

A

radius and ulna

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18
Q

what does pallor mean?

A

paleness

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19
Q

what are the 6 ps?

A

pain, pulse, pallor, parasthesia, paralysis, and pressure

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20
Q

what should be avoided in a cast?

A

getting it wet or sticking things inside

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21
Q

what can be done to help with itching from cast?

A

diphenhydramine or cool air

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22
Q

what should you do if limb starts to swell in cast ?

A

raise it above heart

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23
Q

is a smell normal from a cast?

A

Yes but not a rancid

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24
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A

occurs when there is a lot of swelling in one area that leads to decreased perfusion

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25
Q

what might need to be done if patietn has compartment?

A

fasciotomy

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26
Q

what are symptoms of compartment syndrome in a cast?

A

pain, unpalpable pulse, cap refill great than 2 seconds, pale, modeling, tingling, hard to move, pressure, warm

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27
Q

what type of cast an get a little wet?

A

fiberglass

28
Q

when is traction used?

A

when someone has an injury before they go to surgery

29
Q

what does traction reduce?

A

pain from spasms

30
Q

what things should you know about traction?

A

weight should not touch the ground….increase weight slowly….prop with pillows…use trapeeze bar

31
Q

what are complications of using traction?

A

decreased muscle tone, decreased bone density, decreased metabolism, infection, edema, constipation

32
Q

what are examples of skin traction

A

bucks, bryant, and russels

33
Q

what are examples of skeletal?

A

anything that attaches to pin that goes into skeletal structure

34
Q

what is developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

displacement of the femur from hip

35
Q

what are risk factors for dysplasia?

A

breech baby and tight swaddles

36
Q

what does dysplasia look like on the baby?

A

Effected side is shorter, has misplaced gluteal fold and decreased hip abduction

37
Q

what test will be positive in dysplasia baby?

A

ortolani and barlow

38
Q

what direction is barlows test?

A

Adduction

39
Q

what direction is ortolani test?

A

abduction

40
Q

what are the treatments for hip dysplasia?

A

pavlik, spica, or surgery

41
Q

what age is the pavlik used?

A

less than 6 months

42
Q

when can the pavlik cast be removed?

A

only for changing and baths

43
Q

what is the spica cast?

A

a cast that is put on post op after the hip is put in best spot

44
Q

what is club foot?

A

deformity of foot and ankle that can be bilateral or unileteral

45
Q

what is the effect limb like in club foot?

A

shorter with calf atrophy

46
Q

what is the treatment for club foot?

A

serial casting for 4-6 weeks

47
Q

what should you watch for in club foot babies in cast?

A

6ps

48
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

deformity of the spine

49
Q

what causes scoliosis?

A

no know cause

50
Q

when is a spinal fusion done?

A

curves greater than 45

51
Q

what is the test for scoliosis?

A

bend over and look for asymetry

52
Q

what is the treatment for scoliosis?

A

surgery, TLSO or milwaukee brace

53
Q

do braces help with scoliosis?

A

yes but dont cure it

54
Q

what will post op be like for scoliosis?

A

catheter, IV, pain management, log rolling, 5-7 day stay, clear liquid diet that advances, expect to ambulate sooner than later, no prone for 1 week

55
Q

what is osteomyolitis?

A

infection in bone

56
Q

what is the treatment for osteomyolitis?

A

long term antibiotics

57
Q

what kind of line for osteomyelitis treatment?

A

picc or central line

58
Q

what is acute hematogenous osteomyelitis?

A

Bloodborn pathogen,

59
Q

what is exogenous osteomyelitis?

A

from puncture wound

60
Q

what is subacute ostemyeltits?

A

less harmful bacteria

61
Q

what is chronic osteomyelitis?

A

progression to the worse form

62
Q

what is going on in chronic osteomyelitis?

A

dead bone, drainage, sinus

63
Q

what assessment findings for ostemyelitis?

A

2-7 days of pain, warmth, tender, decreased rom, fever, lethargy, seems like arthritis or leukemia

64
Q

how is osteomyelitis diagnosed?

A

Culture, CBC, bone biopsy, bone scan, ct, mri

65
Q

how long will patient with osteomyolitis be on antibiotics?

A

3-4 weeks

66
Q

what diet will osteomyelitis patients need?

A

high cal high protein

67
Q

are osteomyelitis patients weight bearing or non weight bearing?

A

non weight bearing until antibiotics are started

68
Q

what are side effects of chemo?

A

infection, hemmorhage, anemia, N/V , nutritionn mucosal laceration, alopecia

PEDS Exam 2 (5 decks)

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