Confusion Flashcards
what are the 2 types of confusion
chronic and acute
what is dementia characterized by
impairment in 2 or more intellectual or cognitive functions
how many pts over 65 in the community have dementia
10-50%
how many pts in nursing home have dementia
over 50%
What is the D in dementias mnenomic
drugs
what are teh Es in dementias mnemoic
emotional and endocrine disease
what is the M in dementias
metabolic
what is the N in dementias
nutritional and degenerative neurlogic
what is the T in dementias
trauma, tumor
what is the I in dementias
ischemia, infection
what is the A in dementias
anoxia, anemia, arrhythmia
what is the S in dementias
sjorgens, social, sensory and spiritual deprivation
what percentage of people with cognitive dysfunction have reversible cause
3%
what 4 diseases account for greater than 90% cases of dementia
Alzheimers
Diffuse Lew body
Vascular
Frontotemporal
Agnosia
difficulity recognizing things
Apraxia
inability to carry ou tmotor functions
Aphasia
difficulity naming familiar items
what are pathologic hallmarks of alzhemiers
neurtiic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Lew bodies
intraneuronal inclusions tha tcontain alpha synuclein, phosphorylated neurofilament protesin and ubiquitin
what are core clinical features of diffuse lew body dementia
dementia
fluctuating cognition
recurrent visual hallucinations
motor features of Parkinsons
what do patients with vascular dementia present with
stepwise deterioration
what is vascular dementia caused by
decreased blood flow to brain with significant enough brain damage to cause impairment
what are frontotemporal dementias
heterogenous group of disorder that are less common than the other 3
what is the most common FTD
Pick’s disease
what do you find in Pick’s disease
focal atrophy of frontal and tehemporal lobes along with microscopic findings of argyrophilic inclusions and swollen achromatic neurons
what are clinical symptoms of frontotemporal dementia
poor personal hygiene
lack of social tact
hypersexuality
what does progressive supranuclear palsy present as
apathy frequent falls axial rigity slowing of movement dysphagia
where is the bulk of neuropathology in PSP found
substantia nigra
globus pallidus
dorsal midbrain
what is the major pathologic finding of PSP
abnoramlly phosphorylated tau proteins
what is CBD
focal degernative disease where teh pathology is localized to 1 parietal lobe
what does pt with CBD present with
alien hand, apraxia, and/or profound visuconstrictive problems