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Geriatrics Exam I > Confusion > Flashcards

Confusion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of confusion

A

chronic and acute

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2
Q

what is dementia characterized by

A

impairment in 2 or more intellectual or cognitive functions

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3
Q

how many pts over 65 in the community have dementia

A

10-50%

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4
Q

how many pts in nursing home have dementia

A

over 50%

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5
Q

What is the D in dementias mnenomic

A

drugs

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6
Q

what are teh Es in dementias mnemoic

A

emotional and endocrine disease

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7
Q

what is the M in dementias

A

metabolic

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8
Q

what is the N in dementias

A

nutritional and degenerative neurlogic

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9
Q

what is the T in dementias

A

trauma, tumor

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10
Q

what is the I in dementias

A

ischemia, infection

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11
Q

what is the A in dementias

A

anoxia, anemia, arrhythmia

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12
Q

what is the S in dementias

A

sjorgens, social, sensory and spiritual deprivation

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13
Q

what percentage of people with cognitive dysfunction have reversible cause

A

3%

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14
Q

what 4 diseases account for greater than 90% cases of dementia

A

Alzheimers
Diffuse Lew body
Vascular
Frontotemporal

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15
Q

Agnosia

A

difficulity recognizing things

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16
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to carry ou tmotor functions

17
Q

Aphasia

A

difficulity naming familiar items

18
Q

what are pathologic hallmarks of alzhemiers

A

neurtiic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

19
Q

Lew bodies

A

intraneuronal inclusions tha tcontain alpha synuclein, phosphorylated neurofilament protesin and ubiquitin

20
Q

what are core clinical features of diffuse lew body dementia

A

dementia
fluctuating cognition
recurrent visual hallucinations
motor features of Parkinsons

21
Q

what do patients with vascular dementia present with

A

stepwise deterioration

22
Q

what is vascular dementia caused by

A

decreased blood flow to brain with significant enough brain damage to cause impairment

23
Q

what are frontotemporal dementias

A

heterogenous group of disorder that are less common than the other 3

24
Q

what is the most common FTD

A

Pick’s disease

25
Q

what do you find in Pick’s disease

A

focal atrophy of frontal and tehemporal lobes along with microscopic findings of argyrophilic inclusions and swollen achromatic neurons

26
Q

what are clinical symptoms of frontotemporal dementia

A

poor personal hygiene
lack of social tact
hypersexuality

27
Q

what does progressive supranuclear palsy present as

A 
apathy
frequent falls
axial rigity
slowing of movement
dysphagia
28
Q

where is the bulk of neuropathology in PSP found

A

substantia nigra
globus pallidus
dorsal midbrain

29
Q

what is the major pathologic finding of PSP

A

abnoramlly phosphorylated tau proteins

30
Q

what is CBD

A

focal degernative disease where teh pathology is localized to 1 parietal lobe

31
Q

what does pt with CBD present with

A

alien hand, apraxia, and/or profound visuconstrictive problems

Geriatrics Exam I (17 decks)

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