Conflict On The Plains Flashcards
What policy was signed in 1830 and what did it do??
The Indians removal act
It forced around 46,000 plains Indians to move from the east to the west of the Mississippi River
What act was formed in 1834 and what did it do??
The Indian trade and intercourse act
It prevented any white Americans from buying, or trading land with plains Indians
What two treaties were signed in 1851
Fort Laramie treaty
The Indian appropriations act
What did the fort Laramie treaty do??
An agreement with the Indian tribes
Meant migrants on the Oregon trail were guaranteed safety , they were also allowed to set up settlements along the trail
In return the Indians would receive annual payments of $50,000- it was also supposed to end tribal wars but within a few years, the crow and Cheyenne tribes were fighting again
They set up people to keep guard of the trail and Indians had to pay fines if they attacked migrants
What did the Indian appropriation act do??
Moved the nomadic tribes into reservations, giving them smaller land areas
Theoretically this meant less interactions with white migrants but they just moved further onto the plains
What was the concentration act and why did it fail??
The US government tried to limit the amount of land Indians were given after the fort Laramie treaty
Eg the sioux tribe were forced into Dakota, near the black hills
People still invaded and trespassed on those areas for gold or land
When was little crows war
1862
Describe what happened during little crows war
Little crow was the leader of a tribe in Dakota
In august 1862 he spoke to the president (James Buchanan) as the tribe had not received their promised food and were starving
On the 4th august he raided the food storage, guarded by reservation agents, with around 500 Dakota people. Later in august he killed a group of white settlers and staged attacks on some forts
Many Dakota people were captured or killed, little crow fled but was later killed by one of the Dakota people in 1863
What happened at sand creek massacre
Between 130-180 Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were thought to have died during this
When harvests had been bad, the two tribes (led by black kettle,Cheyenne and chief nicotine, Arapaho) went to food supplies to get food raising tensions
They tried to do a peaceful negotiation but colonel John chivington encouraged a more aggressive response
On nov 29th 1864 around 700 officers invaded a peaceful Cheyenne camp in sandy creek
The Indians surrendered but were murdered anyway
Covington claimed to kill over 500 warriors but in reality killed around 100 defenceless women and children
Some opposed but were shut down
What war lasted from 1866-1868 and what did it result in
Red cloud war
Fort Laramie treaty 1868
Describe red cloud war
A trail called the Bozeman trail passed through a Sioux reservation, violating the fort Laramie treaty
A Sioux chief, red cloud, attacked a group of miners on the trail (between 1864 and 1866 there had been around 3500 taking the trail)
The Americans had planned to build forts to protect the miners
In retaliation on the 24 dec 1866 thousands of Sioux warriors attacked a group of 76 soldiers led by William fetterman
Conflicts continued
What was the response to red clouds war
The US government stopped taking the Bozeman trail and reduced their military in that area
The Sioux tribe was moved to a new reservation
This agreement was called the fort Laramie treaty 1868 and was agreed upon by both parties
