conflict in the middle east topic 1

Question 1

why did the jews want the land of palestine

Answer 1

Was their holy land
Rise of Zionism due to anitseminism( movement to reestablish a Jewish homeland in Palestine)
50000 jews in Palestine

Question 2

why did arabs want the land of palestine

Answer 2

Jerusalem 3rd holliest city.
Been in control since 640 AD
formed majority of population

Question 3

Key events leading to end of british mandate

Answer 3

1946 king David hotel bmbing
1947 ss exodus
UN resolution 181
1945, Britain allowd 1,500 jews in a month
1945 start of jewish insurgency
1946 Britain admits 100,000 jews in

Question 4

How did the Irgun and lehi try to drive the British out during the Jewish insurgance

Answer 4

Blew up railway systems at 153 places to hinder British communication.
Led a 24 month campaign of violence, 73 British soldiers killed in 1946, 2 Irgun terrorists where sentenced to 18 years and 18 strokes of the cane in retaliation 4 British soldiers where kidnapped and given 18 strokes of the cane

Question 5

what years where the jewish insurgence

Answer 5

1945-1947

Question 6

what was the moderate groups like the Haganah aims

Answer 6

worldwide sympathy
help as many holocaust survivers as possible

Question 7

events of king David hotel bombing

Answer 7

Irgun bombed the southern wing of king Davids hotel which was headquarters of the mandate administration and British army.
Disguised as arabs they used explosives hidden in milk churns.
Killed 91 people including 41 arabs, 21 biritons and 17 jews

Question 8

king David hotel significance

Answer 8

caused outrage
Britain anounced a state of allert
Palestinians subjected to searches, curfews and mass arrests.

Question 9

impact of terrorism on britain

Answer 9

Mandate more expensive to run
Had to justify having stationed 100,000 troops there.
Opinion of mandate changed in Britain

Question 10

ss exodus incident

Answer 10

old american passenger ship picked up 4500 jews from France.
Stopped and sent back to France
passengers went on hunger strike and refused to disibark
took them to hamburg forcably returned to camps

Question 11

US support

Answer 11

64 million donated
put pressure on britain to allow in 100,000 jews
5 million jews in america

Question 12

What is UNSCOP

Answer 12

special comitee formed by UN to settle the dispute and divide the land

Question 13

Un partition plan

Answer 13

Both countries have same currency
jerusalem and Bethlehem international zones

Question 14

British reaction to Parttion plan

Answer 14

thpught unfair to Arabs said would lead to war

Question 15

Arab reaction to Partition plan

Answer 15

Rejected the plan
Half land given to jews who had a third of population

Question 16

Jewish reaction to partition plan

Answer 16

Jews accepted it although would be deep in arab territory
extremists rejected it

Question 17

Resolution 181 (partition plan) in UN government

Answer 17

USA and USSR both wanted jewish state as ally in cold war.
33 voted for plan, 13 against and 10 abstained

Question 18

1947 may- 1948 Civil-war

Answer 18

12 days after Britain withdrew 79 jews dead to arab attacks.
100,000 Palestinians left

Question 19

Plan D (plan Dalet)1948

Answer 19

An defensive/offensive plan to secure the territory surrounding jewish territory.

Question 20

Dier Yassin massacre during plan D

Answer 20

100 irgun and lehi members 1948 killed 100 of its inhabitants children and women

Question 21

response to Deir Yassin massacre

Answer 21

Arab radio station announced the killing.
Arab fighter ambashed a jewish doctors and nurses convoy, killing 70.
Caused panic 250,000 Palestinians left their villages and fields

Question 22

Foundation of Israel 1948

Answer 22

14th may 1948 Ben-gurion proclaimed the state of Israel.
ceremony took 32 min
USA immediately recognised the state

Question 23

which countries invaded Israel during Arab-Israeli War

Answer 23

Jordan, egypt,syria, lebanon and Iraq

Question 24

Arab-Israeli War phase 1 May-June

Answer 24

First few weeks Israel struggled.
1 in 3 soldiers had weapons
On 11th June UN intervened and a truce founded.
Israel established a military structure with one man in charge.
ceschoslovakia arms trade of 30,000 rifles 4,500 machine guns and 47 million rounds

Question 25

Arab Israli War phase 2 July 1948

Answer 25

Israeli attacked 2 days before truce ended. Israel attacked Arab towns and another UN treaty was formed lasting 3 months.

Question 26

Arab-Israeli War phase 3 october 1948- July 1949

Answer 26

Israel broke truce again and captured land back from the arab nations before armistice signed.

Question 27

reasons for Jewish victory in Arab-Israeli war

Answer 27

41 million arabs vs 650,000 jews Arab states overconfident not sending full armies. Israeli soldiers more experienced serving in WW2. First truce allowed Israel to arm up. Israeli tactics more effective, Arab states unorganised with different aims. Israels fighting spirit.

Question 28

UNRWA 1949

Answer 28

helped palestinian refugees with water, food and shelter. Set up by UN

Question 28

Aftermath of Arab Israeli War key points

Answer 28

1948 - 700,000 palestinians left palestine 1949- creation of UNRWA 1949- remodeling of IDF 1950- law of return passed 1951- 700,000 jews migrated 19

Question 29

Arab-Israeli war impacts on Israelis

Answer 29

6,000 Israelis died captured 50% of arabs allocated land access to jerusalem

Question 30

Creation of IDF

Answer 30

Haganah, lehi and Irgun became the IDF Characteristics: small core of professionals From 1949 every non-arab male had to serve in the IDF for 30 months while females for 18 all ex-conscripts became reserve troops below age of 55 largest share of government budget 1952 23% to 1956 35%

Question 31

The law of return

Answer 31

Jewish population doubled with 1.5 million jewish migrants in 3 years Any jew had the right for a citizen ship in Israel

Question 32

US aid to Israel

Answer 32

100 million grant in 1949 (further 200 million in 1960) refused to sell arms till 1960 and withdrew 75 million of aid after some Israeli actions.

Question 33

German reparation agreement 1952

Answer 33

west germany pay Israel 845 million in installments over 14 years for jewish property stolen by nazis

Question 34

key events in the relationship between Israel and egypt

Answer 34

1955 Israel attack on gaza- 38 dead 1955 Nasser agrees czechoslovakian arms deal with USSR 1955 Israel attack on gaza- 72 dead 1955 Nasser announces the arms deal and blocks straits of trian 1955 Britain and USA agree to fund answan damn 1956 Israel attack on gaza- 58 dead 1956 USA and Britain withdraw from aswan damn project. Nasser nationalises the suez canal 1956 sevres agreement between france, britain and Israel 1956 Suez crisis UN and US intervention ends the crisis

Question 35

Nasser's goals as leader of egypt

Answer 35

independance- britain withdrawed from the suez canal prosperity pride- leader of Arab world cairo radio heard by millions

Question 36

Impact of Israelis attacks on gaza

Answer 36

IDF launched a massive raid in 1955 on a egyptian base in repreval for a Israeli cyclists death. 38 dead. Egypt wanted revenge agreed to do the arms deal with czechoslovakia. In august a fedayeen raid killed 11 Israeli soldiers. The IDF responded killin 72. In response Nasser anounced the czechoslovakia arms deal and imposed a blockade through straights of tiran. After USA and Britain withdrew Aswan damn offer he nationalised the canal

Question 37

Details of Egypts czechoslovakia arms deal

Answer 37

$300 million worth of egyptian cotton for 200 armoured personel carriers, 300 tanks, 200 MIG-15 fighters and 50 bombers

Question 38

Back fire of announcing the egyptian czechoslovakian arms deal

Answer 38

1) Israel thought that war was inevitable so a attack on gazza killed 50 soldiers and a motar attack in1956 killed 58 civilians. 2) In october 1955, USA and Britain offered to loan egypt $270 million for the Aswan damn wanting them as allies against soveit union. After 1956 and arms deal they withdrew their offer.

Question 39

The sevres agreement

Answer 39

October 22nd 1956 leader of IDF flew to france and made a agreement with Britain and france. Israel would attack and Britian would come in as peace keepers

Question 40

the suez crisis

Answer 40

paratrooper drop over canal with further 1000 men in 200 armoured vehicles travel through dessert. britain and france demanded for then to withdraw 16km each side but egypt refused. so britain bombed cairo airport and did 'police action' nasser sank ships into canal and USA made Britain back off

Question 41

impact of suez crisis on israel

Answer 41

no land gained but security and ability to trade.

Question 42

impact of suez cirsis on britain and france

Answer 42

international reputation hurt seen as allies to israel

Question 43

impact of suez crisis on egypt

Answer 43

Nasser had complete control of canal USSR agread to pay for answan damn as well as help built up egypt military egyptian jews had buissnesses siezed and banned from working as teachers

Question 44

The UAE

Answer 44

united arab republic Nasser chaimen syria joined in 1958 but left in 1961 as seen as juniour partner