Conference Lab 1: Introduction and Back

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral

Answer 2

group or bundle of nerve fibers outside CNS

Question 3

two general kinds of nerve terminals?

Answer 3

cutaneous (Sensory) and muscular (motor)

Question 4

What kind of root has only sensory info?

Answer 4

Dorsal

Question 5

What kind of root has only motor info?

Answer 5

Ventral

Question 6

What nerve types or areas have both sensory and motor info?

Answer 6

spinal nerves, dorsal and ventral rami

Question 7

Somatic

Answer 7

muscle; body wall and extremities

Question 8

Visceral

Answer 8

organs, glands, vessels

Question 9

Dorsal root

Answer 9

sensory info, afferent fibers

Question 10

Ventral root

Answer 10

motor info, efferent fibers

Question 11

Afferent

Answer 11

Away from body, back to brain; carries sensory info

Question 12

Efferent

Answer 12

Towards the body, away from brain; carries motor info

Question 13

Dermatome

Answer 13

portion of the skin innervated by the particular spinal nerve

Question 14

What should you keep in mind when testing a dermatome?

Answer 14

boundaries between one dermatome and another are not exact ; to test go right in the middle of the dermatome!!

Question 15

Cutaneous branches

Answer 15

BOTH dorsal and ventral rami

Question 16

Facet joints

Answer 16

joints between the articular processes of adjoining vertebrae

Question 17

Where (relative to vertebra) are intervertebral discs found?

Answer 17

in between the BODIES of vertebrae

Question 18

Where (relative to vertebra) are intervertebral discs found?

Answer 18

in between the BODIES of vertebrae

Question 19

anatomical definition of the origin and insertion of a muscle

Answer 19

origin is more proximal insertion is more distal

Question 20

forces that normally produce muscle on a joint

Answer 20

gravity and muscle contraction

Question 21

the force that causes a specific desired motion

Answer 21

PRIMARY MOVER, agonist

Question 22

a muscle that causes a motion opposite to the desired motion

Answer 22

antagonist

Question 23

What are the functions of synergistic muscles ?

Answer 23

stabilize other joints and neutralize undesirable motions

Question 24

What do we call the basic functional units that make up each muscle ?

Answer 24

motor units

Question 25

Motor unit

Answer 25

single motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it supplies

Question 26

the three types of muscle contraction

Answer 26

Shortening (isotonic or concentric) contraction Static or isometric contraction Lengthening (isotonic or eccentric) contraction

Question 27

nerve fiber

Answer 27

axon and supporting cells

Question 28

cranial nerve

Answer 28

A peripheral nerve arising from the brain

Question 29

spinal nerve

Answer 29

A peripheral nerve arising from the spinal cord

Question 30

How is a gross spinal nerve formed?

Answer 30

Dorsal and ventral roots emerging from each segment of the spinal cord combine to form a spinal nerve

Question 31

How long is a typical spinal nerve?

Answer 31

1cm

Question 32

How does a typical spinal nerve terminate?

Answer 32

Divides into dorsal and ventral ramus

Question 33

What are the two general kinds of terminal branches of peripheral nerves that are derived from the rami ?

Answer 33

Muscular Cutaneous

Question 34

Where are the nerve cell bodies located for afferent nerve fibers?

Answer 34

in the dorsal root ganglion

Question 35

Where are the nerve cell bodies located for efferent nerve fibers ?

Answer 35

in the spinal cord gray matter

Question 36

Four basic functional fiber types are found in a typical spinal nerve

Answer 36

Somatic efferent Visceral efferent Somatic afferent Visceral afferent

Question 37

What are dermatomes supplied by?

Answer 37

each dermatome is supplied by both the dorsal and ventral ramus of its spinal nerve

Question 38

If there is back pain in back pain localized to the area between the spinous processes of T11 and L3 on the patients right side, what DERMATOMES does this correspond to?

Answer 38

T11-L2 This was determined by figuring out which nerves come out between the indicated vertebrae and then corresponding that to the dermatomes (i.e. between T11 and T12, T12 and L1…)

Question 39

What do the dorsal rami innervate?

Answer 39

Deep back muscles (erector spinae) skin of medial 2/3 of back posterior ligaments of the spine facet joints

Question 40

What are the posterior ligaments of the spine?

Answer 40

They are innervated by DORSAL RAMI Include supraspinous, interspinous ligaments and ligamentum flavum

Question 41

ligamentum flavum

Answer 41

ligaments between lamina

Question 42

three types of muscle contraction

Answer 42

shortening (concentric, isotonic) lengthening (eccentric) static (isometric)

Question 43

Lateral bending of the spine

Answer 43

Ipsilateral = shorten Contralateral = lengthen *muscles on left and right are doing opposite things = antagonist muscle groups

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

foraminal stenosis

Answer 45

narrowing of the space in the vertebral foramen; can be caused by hypertrophy (enlargement) of facet joint and/or vertebral body

Question 46

Name a disease that can cause facet joint hyertrophy

Answer 46

osteoarthritis; formation of osteocyte will cause stenosis