15 Flashcards
structures in superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
lymphatics
superficial veins
cutaneous nerves
what do paraumbilical veins communicate with
portal venous system
where do veins superior to the umbilicus drain
SVC
where do veins inferior to the umbilicus drain
IVC
lymphatics superior to umbilicus drain into?
axillary lymph nodes
lymphatics inferior to umbilicus drain into?
inguinal lymph nodes
Branches of what spinal nerves innervate muscles of anterior abdominal wall
T7-L1 muscular branches (*which also innervate the parietal peritoneum)
What are the anterior abdominal wall muscles?
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
List the functions of abdominal wall muscles
flexion rotation and lateral bending of trunk
cough, defecate, urinate, give birth, vomit
How do the abdominal wall muscles allow for coughing etc?
increasing the intraabdominal pressure by contraction against a closed glottis (“Valsalva maneuver”)
What is the valsalva maneuver
Contraction against a closed glottis that results in an increase of intraabdominal pressure
What are the two points of attachment for the inguinal ligament?
anterior superior iliac spine
pubic tubercle
What composes deep inguinal ring?
transversalis fascia
What composes the superficial inguinal ring?
external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
Anterior wall of inguinal canal
external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique and transversus abdominis laterally
Posterior wall of inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia
conjoined tendon
Superior wall of inguinal canal
internal abdominal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis
Inferior wall of inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament Lacunar ligament (medially)
What are the three components of the spermatic cord?
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
What makes up the conjoined tendon?
Transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique
*note: makes up medial posterior wall of inguinal canal
Where does the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord come from?
transversals fascia
Where does the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord come from?
EXTERNAL abdominal oblique
Where does the cremaster muscle and fascia of the spermatic cord come from?
internal abdominal oblique
indirect inguinal hernia
protrusion of loop through DEEP INGUINAL RING
neck is LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels
direct inguinal hernia
protrusion of loop through Hesselbach’s triangle; bulges through transversalis fascia that makes up posterior wall of inguinal canal; neck is MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels and WITHIN Hesselbach’s triangle
What is a cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?
patent processus vaginalis
What is a cause of a direct inguinal hernia?
defect of abdominal wall within the floor of Hesselbach’s triangle
Blood supply for anterior abdominal wall
superior epigastric arteries (from internal thoracic artery)
inferior epigastric arteries (from external iliac arteries)
Role of inferior epigastric vessels in collateral circulation
anastomoses with superior epigastric vessels can allow for a collateral circulation pathway; bypass blockage of descending aorta (Arteries) or vena cava (veins)
