15

Question 1

structures in superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

lymphatics
superficial veins
cutaneous nerves

Question 2

what do paraumbilical veins communicate with

Answer 2

portal venous system

Question 3

where do veins superior to the umbilicus drain

Answer 3

SVC

Question 4

where do veins inferior to the umbilicus drain

Answer 4

IVC

Question 5

lymphatics superior to umbilicus drain into?

Answer 5

axillary lymph nodes

Question 6

lymphatics inferior to umbilicus drain into?

Answer 6

inguinal lymph nodes

Question 7

Branches of what spinal nerves innervate muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 7

T7-L1 muscular branches (*which also innervate the parietal peritoneum)

Question 8

What are the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 8

External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

Question 9

List the functions of abdominal wall muscles

Answer 9

flexion rotation and lateral bending of trunk

cough, defecate, urinate, give birth, vomit

Question 10

How do the abdominal wall muscles allow for coughing etc?

Answer 10

increasing the intraabdominal pressure by contraction against a closed glottis (“Valsalva maneuver”)

Question 11

What is the valsalva maneuver

Answer 11

Contraction against a closed glottis that results in an increase of intraabdominal pressure

Question 12

What are the two points of attachment for the inguinal ligament?

Answer 12

anterior superior iliac spine

pubic tubercle

Question 13

What composes deep inguinal ring?

Answer 13

transversalis fascia

Question 14

What composes the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 14

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Question 15

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 15

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

internal oblique and transversus abdominis laterally

Question 16

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 16

Transversalis fascia

conjoined tendon

Question 17

Superior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 17

internal abdominal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis

Question 18

Inferior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 18

Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament (medially)

Question 19

What are the three components of the spermatic cord?

Answer 19

External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

Question 20

What makes up the conjoined tendon?

Answer 20

Transversus abdominis and internal abdominal oblique

*note: makes up medial posterior wall of inguinal canal

Question 21

Where does the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord come from?

Answer 21

transversals fascia

Question 22

Where does the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord come from?

Answer 22

EXTERNAL abdominal oblique

Question 23

Where does the cremaster muscle and fascia of the spermatic cord come from?

Answer 23

internal abdominal oblique

Question 24

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 24

protrusion of loop through DEEP INGUINAL RING

neck is LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 25

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 25

protrusion of loop through Hesselbach’s triangle; bulges through transversalis fascia that makes up posterior wall of inguinal canal; neck is MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels and WITHIN Hesselbach’s triangle

Question 26

What is a cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 26

patent processus vaginalis

Question 27

What is a cause of a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 27

defect of abdominal wall within the floor of Hesselbach’s triangle

Question 28

Blood supply for anterior abdominal wall

Answer 28

superior epigastric arteries (from internal thoracic artery)

inferior epigastric arteries (from external iliac arteries)

Question 29

Role of inferior epigastric vessels in collateral circulation

Answer 29

anastomoses with superior epigastric vessels can allow for a collateral circulation pathway; bypass blockage of descending aorta (Arteries) or vena cava (veins)