Conducting Research Flashcards
Research can be categorized as__or quantitative; and quantitative research is further categorized as nonexperimental or_____.Nonexperimental research is conducted to collect data on variables while experimental research is conducted to test____about the relationships between variables.
qualitative; experimental; hypotheses
Variables are behaviors or other characteristics that___from person to person or situation. Researchers normally distinguish between two types of variables: A person’s status on the___variable is assumed to affect his/her status on the____variable. For example, if a psychologist conducts a research study to testthe hypothesis that children who watch violent films are more aggressive than children who do not, thestudy’s independent variable is____and its dependent variable is____.
vary;independent;dependent; type of film(violent vs. nonviolent); aggressiveness
To assess the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable, the independent variable must have at least 2___.
levels
An important decision when using___to identify or measure a behavior is how to record that behavior. One way is to obtain a narrative record of the behavior.
observation
_____analysis, for example, involves recording a subject’s verbalizations when she has been instructed to “think aloud” while solving a complex cognitive problem. Alternatively a specific aspect of a behavior can be recorded.
protocol
___recording is particularly useful when the target behavior has no clear beginning or end, while_____sampling is an effective technique when the behavior occurs infrequently or leaves a permanent record.
Interval; Event
Experimental research is categorized as either true experimental or quasi-experimental. The primary feature that distinguishes true experimental research from quasi-experimental research is that in the former the experimenter can randomly _____subjects to different treatment groups.This allows the experimenter to be more certain that subjects in different groups are initially similar and consequently that any observed differences between them on the ____variable(s) were caused by the _____variable(s)
assign; dependent; independent
Researchers do not have access to the entire population of interest and must draw a__from that population. So that any observed relationship between variables in the sample can be generalized to the___, the people in the sample must be as____of the population as possible in terms of relevant characteristics such as age, gender, and severity of symptoms. The simplest way to achieve this is to draw a(n)_____sample, in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for inclusion in the sample.
sample; population;representative; simple random
In contrast to other sampling techniques, ____samling involves selecting units of individuals rather than individuals from the population.
cluster
