Conditions - Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
What are the different types of valvular heart disease?
Mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation
What is the mitral valve?
the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, which has two tapered cusps. Also known as the bicuspid valve
What is the clinical presentation of mitral valve stenosis? Give 3 symptoms and signs
Symptoms - dyspnoea, pink frothy sputum, palpitations
Signs - pulmonary hypertension, left atrial dilation, right ventricular hypertrophy, malar flush, opening snap and diastolic murmur
Why do you get right ventricular hypertrophy with mitral valve stenosis?
Mitral stenosis impedes left atrial emptying, increases left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure, and thus causes pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension results in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
What is this? and what does it symbolise?
Malar flush and mitral stenosis
What kind of murmur do you get with mitral stenosis?
Mid diastolic murmur
What is the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis?
Inflammation - mitral valve thickened or calcified obstructing normal flow, raised left atrium pressure, left atrium hypertrophy and dilation and palpitations (worse with exercise, fever, tachycardia and pregnancy)
Raised left atrium pressure - pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and failure
Haemoptysis
What is the aetiology of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic valvular disease (rheumatic fever) usually strep pyogenes. Cardiac inflammation and scarring triggered by an autoimmune reaction to infection with group A streptococci. Infective endocarditis: 3.3% and mitral annular calcification: 2.7%
What are the diagnostic tests for mitral stenosis?
Echocardiography (measure mitral orifice) and ECG
What will the ECG show for mitral stenosis?
What the significance of mitral facies?
When MS is severe, CO is diminished, there is vasoconstriction, resulting in pinkish-purple patches on the cheeks
