CONDITIONS to KNOW Flashcards
1
Q
shock
A
inaqequate perfusion
2
Q
dyspnea
A
shortness of breath
3
Q
hypercarbia
A
increase co2 in blood
4
Q
intrapulmonary shunting
A
blood returning to left side of heart unoxygenated
5
Q
arterial air embolism
A
air in pulmonary vasculature
6
Q
cardiogenic shock
A
heart fails to pump——> pulmonary edema
7
Q
pulmonary edema
A
backup of blood into the lungs because left cant remove as fast as right gives (from cardiogenic shock)
fluid in alveolar sacs
s/s= dyspnea, rapid shallow breaths, sudden attack of rresp distress, coughing, cold sweats, tachycardia, cool cyanotic skin
8
Q
edema
A
too much fluid in tissues leads to swelling
9
Q
pericardial effusion
A
collection of fluid between pericardial sac and myocardium
can lead to cardiac tamponade
10
Q
cardiac tamponade
A
fluid in pericardial sac creates extreme pressure that doesn’t allow adequate filling of heart
11
Q
obstructive shock
A
mechanical obstruction prevents aquate blood to fill chambers of heart
12
Q
pulmonary embolism
A
blood clot formed in vein breaks off and lodges in pulmonary artery
no gas exchange in blocked area
s/s= cyanosis, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, chest pain, hemotypsis
13
Q
distributive shock
A
widespread dilation of vessels, blood pools, less perfusion
14
Q
septic shock
A
severe infection: toxin damages cellular wall= increased permeability
15
Q
neurogenic shock
A
spinal cord injury damages nervous system that contracts/dilates vessels= vessels dilate
absence of sweating, normal HR during hypertension, normal skin
16
Q
anaphylactic shock
A
person reacts violently to a substance they have been sensitized to, dilation
s/s= urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, hypotension, n/v, ab cramps
cyanosis is late sign
17
Q
psychogenic shock
A
sudden nervous system reaction, temporary dilation, syncope
18
Q
hypovolemic shock
A
inadequate amount of fluid in system
19
Q
anemia
A
hypoxic tissues
20
Q
hemorrhage
A
bleeding
21
Q
hemoptysis
A
cough up red blood
22
Q
hematoma
A
mass of blood collected in the tissue beneath skin
23
Q
hematuria
A
red blood in urine
24
Q
hematemesis
A
vomiting blood
25
melena
black, tarry stool containing digested blood
26
epistaxis
nose bleed
27
inflammation
cells move into damaged area to begin repair
wbc and lymphocytes fight pathogens
cells release histamine (dilate vessels)
28
contusion
bruise
29
crush syndrome
after 4 hours, muscles die and release harmful substances into surrounding tissue
30
compartment syndrome
edema+ swelling= increased pressure in soft-tissue injuries
circulation problem
s/s= extreme pain, pallor, less sensation and power
31
abrasion
wound of superficial layer
32
laceration
jagged cut, tears tissue
33
incision
sharp, smooth cut
34
avulsion
injury seperates layers of tissue, creates flap
35
evisceration
organs protrucde
36
superficial, 1st degree, burn
epidermis, red, no blisters
37
partial-thickness, 2nd degree, burn
epidermis and some dermis
moist, mottled, white to red
38
full-thickness, 3rd degree, burn
all layers, maybe muscles and bones too
dry, leathery, white, dark brown
no feeling
39
anisocoria
pupils arent equal
40
retinal detachment
retinas detach from choriod and sclera
41
mandible fracture
teeth misalligned, chin numb
42
maxillae fracture
face swollen, face bones unstable
43
conjunctivitis
conjunctiva inflammed and red
44
hyphema
bleeding into anterior globe
45
blow-out fracture
fracture to orbit bones
double vision
46
anterior epistaxis
from septum
slow bleed
47
posterior epistaxis
drain into throat
48
linear skull fracture
nondisplaced
49
depressed skull fracture
frontal and partial bones susceptible
brain fragments in head
s/s= loss of conciousness
50
basilar skull fracture
extension of liner fracture
s/s= racoon eyes, battle sign, csf drains
51
open skull fracture
skull is open
52
coup-contra-coup injury
hit object and recoil back
53
cerebral edema
swelling of brain tissue
from coup contrecoup
54
intracranial hemorrhage
bleeding inside brain
increased ICP
55
epidural hemtoma
blood accumulating between outside dura matter inside skul
from linear fracture
s/s= immediate loss of consciousness, pupils fixed and dilated
56
subdural hematoma
blood accumulating under dura matter
s/s= venous bleeding, slurred speech, fluctuating LOC
57
intracerebral hematoma
bleeding within brain tissue
58
subarachnoid hematoma
bleeding where CSF circulates
s/s= sudden severe headache, increase ICP
59
axial loading injury
load applied vertically on spine
60
simple pneumothorax
doesnt result in major changes in cardiac physiology
air in space between lungs and chest wall
s/s= increased reps rate
tachycardia
accessory muscles use
low O2 sat
subcutaneous emphysema
61
tension pneumothroax
significant air in pleural space
collapses lung, pushes mediastinum
s/s= JVD, cyanosis, tracheal deviation
62
hemothrax
blood accumulating in pleural space
s/s= shock s/s, ex bleeding
63
flail chest
3+ ribs fractured in 2+ places
= chest detatched
s/s= paradoxical motion
64
pulmonary contusion
bruised lung
pulmonary alveoli fill with blood
65
traumatic asphyxia
sudden chest comprssion-----\> increased chest pressure
66
commotio cardis
sudden, direct blow to chest
from fast ball/object
67
laceration of great vessels
causes fatal hemorhagge
s/s of shock and chest wound
68
gastric distention
69
s/s of external bleeding
increase HR, increse RR, hypotension
poor gen appearance, no response to stimuli
s/s of shock
significant blood loss, cant control
significant MOI
70
s/s of internal bleeding
local contusion/ eccymosis
tender abdominal, guarding, rigidity, pain
older= dizzy, weak
later signs= tachycardia, n/v, thirst, cold clammy skin, shallow rapid breathing, dull eyes, dilated pupils, weak pulse, hypotension, altered LOC
71
toxic gas inhalation s/s
cherry red, blood ox is normal
72
carbon monoxide poisoning s/s
faintness, anxiety, abnormal vitals, headache, seizures, paralysis coma, n/v, impaired LOC
cherry red
73
eye injury following head injury s/s
one pupil larger
eyes not moving together
eyes cant follow
bleeding in sclera
bulging
74
blast injury to eye s/s
pain
loss of vision
foreign bodies
75
ruptured tympanic membrane s/s
severe pain, hard to hear, ringing in ear
76
facial fracute
direct blow to mouth/ nose
bleeding mouth, can't swallow
77
laryngeal injury s/s
respiratory disress
hoarseness
pain
cant swallow
cyanosis
78
79
s/s of increased ICP
MAJOR= increase systolic BP, low pulse rate, irregular resps
cheyne-stokes or biotic respirations
H
n/v
80
81
s/s of traumatic brain injury
CUSHING TRIAD
hypertension
bradycardia
irregular respirations
82
s/s of chest injury
local pain that increases when breathing
crepitus
hemoptysis
rapid weak pulse, hypotension
bruising, penetratoion
dyspnea
cyanosis
83
84
subcutanous emphysema
85
peritonitis
infection of the peritoneum( lines ab cavity)
s/s= severe ab pain, tender, muscle spasm
later- bowel sounds diminish, n/v, ab distention
86
abdominal trauma s/s
rigidity, bruising around belly buttoms (periumbilical bruising)
87
s/s spleen injury
left shoulder pain
88
s/s liver injury
pain to right shoulder
89
appendix inflammation s/s
pain in RLQ
90
galbladder problem s/s
pain under ribs on right side
or
between shoulder blades
91
open abdominal injury s/s
pain, tachycardia
later- shock s/s, hypotension, cool clammy skin, changed LOC, ab distention
92
hollow organs injury s/s
DELAYED 2hrs
93
94
ruptured diaphragm s/s
dyspnea, SOB
95
96
kidney injury s/s
hematuria
flank pain, contusion, laceration, hematoma
fractured rib cage or vertabrae
97
s/s of penetrating ab injury
n/v, pain during ovement
98
99
s/s of damaged internal female genitalia PREGANT
shock, contractions, hypotension
100
external female genital injury s/s
extreme pain, vag bleeding
101
urinary bladder injury s/s
blood at uretral opening
trauma to lower ab or pelvis
blood in underwear
102
rectal bleeding s/s
blood in underwear
blood in stool
103
non displaced fracture
simple fracture
104
comminuted fracture
bone broken in 2+ segments
105
epiphyseal fracture
fracture occuring in growth section of child bone
leads to growth abdormality
106
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture in children
107
incomplete fracture
doesnt run completely through bone
108
pathologic fracture
weakened bone fracture
109
spiral fracture
caused by twisting force creating spiral break
110
transverse fracture
straigt across bone from direct blow
111
crepitus
grinding sensation when bone ends rub together
112
s/s of dislocation
marked deformity
swelling
pain, tenderness
locked joint
impaired circulation to limb (numb?)
113
sprain
when joint it twisted/stretched beyond normal range of motion
injuries to ligaments and tendons
s/s= guarding, swelling/eccymosis at joint, pain prevents normal movement
114
strain
stretching/tearing of muscles and tendons
s/s= pain, swelling and bruising,
no deformity
snap sound, sharp pain with movement, weak muscle, point tenderness
115
clavicle injury
common
s/s= pain in shoulder, swelling and point tenderness
child= pain in entire arm
116
scapula injury
well protected, probably other issues
s/s= abrasion, contusion, swelling, limited use of arm
117
AC seperation
dislocation of AC joint
s/s= clavical stick out, pain, point tenderness
118
shoulder dislocation
dislocation of glenohumeral joint
s/s= gruadring, humeral head protrudes, numb patch on shoulders or hands
119
fracture to distal humerus
supracondylar or intercondyalar
s/s= rapid, severe swelling
120
dislocation of elbow
ulna and radius displaces posteriorly
s/s= locked joint, forearm flexed at arm
121
fracture of ulna (olecranon process)
s/s= lac, abras, unable to extend elbow
122
distal radius fracture
colles fracture
s/s= silver fork deformity
123
pelvis fracture s/s
tenderness/ instability when palpating
124
posterior hip dislocation s/s
knee joint drawn up to chest
thigh roated inwards
125
general hip dislocation s/s
severe pain in hip
resistance to joint movement
tender hips
126
proximal femur fractures
common in elderly
s/s= lie with leg externally rotated
injured leg is shorter
127
femoral shaft fracture
s/s= deformity
external rotation
imb shortens
128
knee ligament injury s/s
pain in joint
cant use extremity
swelling, ecymosis
point tenderness
129
knee dislocation
true emergency
s/s= pain in knee
knee gave out
deformity
limited range of motion
130
fracture about knee
local tenderness, swelling, deformity
131
dislocation of patella s/s
deformity
132
ankle injury s/s
swelling, pain, tenderness
133
foot injury
often translated up to spine
s/s= significant swelling
usually little deformities
134
135
external route of admin
enter though digestive system
136
parenteral route of admin
enter way other than digestion
137
IO injection
though bone in bone marrow
138
zofran
indication- nasea
contra- active vomit, hypersensitivity, 1st trimester pregnancy
route- oral tablet
dose- 4mg
action- sterotonin antagonist
SE- fatigue, dizzy, H, flushing, hiccups
139
oral glucose
action- increase glucose
indic.- hypoglycemia
contra- can't protect airway
route- buccal
dose-15-25 grams
SE- none
140
buccal route
held in cheek
141
aspitin
trade- bayer, bufferin
action- anti-inflamm, anti- platelete cogaulant
ind- chest discomfort
contra- max dose, allergy
dose- 324 mg
SE- upper GI and ulcer irritation
142
nitroglycerin
action-vasodilator
indic- chest discomfort
cont- \<100 systolic, ED meds (cialis, viagra)
route- sublingual
dose- 4mg, 3-5 mins, 3 max
SE- burning taste, H, BP drop
143
epinephrine
action- SNS mimic
indic- analphylaxix
cont- none
route- IM
dose- .3mg adult, .15 ped
SE- tachycardia, n/v, H, dizzy
144
activated charcoal
action- binds to toxins
cont- cant swallow or follow directions, acids or alkalines
route- ingestion
dose- 1gm/kg
SE- aspiration, black tarry stools
145
naloxone
trade- narcan
act- opiod antagonist
ind- resp depression
cont- hypersensitivity
route- intranasal
dose- .5-2 mg
SE- tachycardia, n/v, pulmonary edema
146
oxygen
ind- dyspnea, shock, spo2 \<93
contra- hyperoxia, normoxia, AMI, stroke,neonate
dose- 1-15 lpm
route- inhalation
SE- vasocontriction
147
MDI
action- bronchodilator
ind- dyspnea
cont- max dose given
route- inhalation
SE- tachycardia, n/v, dry mouth, tremors
148
albuterol
action- bronchodilation
ind- dyspnea, wheezes
contra- underlying cardiac condition
route- nebulizer
dose- 2.5 mg in 3ml buller
SE- tachycardia, termors, dry mouth, N/V
149
toxin inhalation s.s
burning eyes
sore throat
cough, weezing, hoarseness, stridor
chest pan
dizzy, confusion
seizures
altered LOC
150
injected poison s/s
weakness, dizzy, fever, chills, unresponsive, easily excitd
151
delerium tremors
from alcohol withdrawl
agitation
fear
sweatng
tremors
confusion
delusion
seizures
152
opiods
CNS depressant
s/s= nasuea, vomiting
seizures
sedated, unconcoious
cyanosis
PINPOINT PUPILS
153
sedative-hypnotic drug
CNS depressant
s/s= similar to alcohol
154
abused inhalants
inhaled by huffing
s/s= SEIZURES, altered LOC, loss of brain function, vFIB
155
hydrogen sulfide
s/s= n/v
confusion
dyspnea
low LOC
seizures
shock
coma
156
symathomimetrics
CNS stimulant
hypertension
tachycardia
dilated pupils
paranoia/ delusion
157
synthetic cathinones
bath salts
teeth grinding, apatite loss, muscle twitching, lip- smacking, confusion, gi conditions, paranoia, H, tachycardia
158
marijuana s/s
euphoria
relaxation
drowsiness
159
hallucinogens s/s
hypertension, tachycardia
anxiety, paranoia
hyperthrermia
dilated pupils
dry, red skin
agitation
160
cholinergic agents
oversimulate PNS
salvation, drooling, runny nose, excessive pee
161
aspirin OD s/s
n/v, hyperventilation, ear ringing, anxiety, tachypnea, hyperthermia
162
v-fib
disorganized quivering of ventricles leads to no forward blood flow and cardiac arrest
163
v-tach
rapid contraction of ventricles doesnt allow normal filling of heart
164
atelectasis
collapsed alveoli
165
s/s of inadequate breathing
AMS, anxious or somulent (fatigued)
abdormal resp rate and rhythm
skin is pale cool cyanotic
adventitious breath sounds
struggling to speak
accessory muscle use
coughing
tripod position
pursed lips, nasal flaring
166
croup
inflammation/swelling of upper airway
usually children
s/s= cold s/s, cough, low-grade fever for 2 days
\*\*\*\*\*stridor\*\*\*\*\*\*
167
epiglottitis
inflammation of epiglottis from bacterial infection
s/s= SUDDEN, look ill, sore throat, high fever, tripod position, drooling, stridor (LATE)
168
resp syncitial virus (RSV)
infction to lungs and breathing passages
young children
s/s= dehydration
169
bronchiolititis
RSV infection leads to inflammation of bronchioles
mostly boy kids
170
pnemonia
infection of lungs, from RSV
bronchioles bloked, alveoli fill with fluid
s/s KIDS = rapid labored breaths, grunting, wheezing, cyanotic lips or fingers
171
bacterial pnemonia
quicker, sever symptoms
high fever
172
s/s of adult pnemonia
dry skin, dspnea, cough, chest discomfort, H, n/v
173
174
viral pnemonia
gradual, less severe symtoms
175
pertussis
whooping cough
airborne bacterial infection, mostly children
s/s KID= fever, whoop inspiration sound, bad cough, vomit
s/s ADULT= no whoop, severe upper resp infection can lead to pnemonia
176
influenza type a
direct contact with droplets
s/s= fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, H, fatigue
can lead to pnemonia
177
TB
bacterial infection spread by cough
can remain dormant and come active, can affect any organ
s/s= fever, coughing, night sweats, weight loss
SEVERE= shortness of breath, productive sputum, blood suptum, chest pain
178
179
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD, slow dilaation/destruction of airway and alveoli from chronic bronchial obstruction
emphysema and chronic bronchititis
180
emphysema
COPD form
loss of elasticity in lungs leads to broken, stretched alveolar membranes
barrel chest, crackling chest sounds
181
chronic broncititis
COPD
s/s= produce suputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air, wheezing, crackles, diminished breath sounds
182
rhonchi and crackles (dry lung sounds) are indicative of
pulmonaary edema
183
wheezes and chronic asthma (dry lung sounds) are indicative of
COPD
184
asthma
acute spasm of bronchioles from increased mucus production and swelling of mucus lining
s/s= wheezing (lower airway ob)
SEVERE- no lung sounds, cyanosis, reps sisters, anaphylaxis
185
hay fever
aka allergic rhinitis
allergic response to something outside
s/s= runny nose, sneeze, congestion, sinus pressure
186
spontaneous pneumothorax
air in PLEURAL SPACE from a medical condition
from emphysema, asthma, chronic lung illness
s/s= dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain (sharp pain on side when respuiration)
187
pleural effusion
collection of fluid outside lung in PLEURAL CAVITY causing dyspnea
s/s= sudden dyspnea, shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds
188
189
hyperventilation
over-breathing makes co2 level below normal
contricted blood vessels
s/s= anxiety, dizzy, numbness, air hunger, tingling ext, carpopedal spasms, chest pain
190
cystic fibrosis
genetic disorder that predisposes to repeated lung infections
from thick mucus
191
snoring breath sounds indicate
partial upper airway obstruction
192
wheezing breathing sounds indicate
lower (bronchi) airway obstruction
constriction
ASTHMA
193
crackling breath sounds indicate
congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema
194
ronchi/rattling chest sounds indicate
pnemonia, bronchitis
MUCUs
195
stridor sounds indicate
partial trachea obstruction
196
rales (crackling, bubbling) breath sounds indicate
FLUID
197
electrical pulses start in ____ and go to \_\_\_\_
SA
AV
198
sympathetic nervous system does this to the body
tachycardia
dilate vessels in mucles
contricts vessels in digestive dystem
199
parasympathetic nervous system does this to the body
bradycardia
bradypnea
dilate vessels in digestive system
200
coronary arteries supply blood to
heart muscle
201
carotid artery supplies blood to
head and brain
202
subclavian artery supplies blood to
upper extremities
203
brachial artery supplies blood to
lower arms and hands
204
iliac artery supplies blood to
groin, pelvis, legs
205
femoral artery supplies blood to
lower legs and feet
206
orthopnea
trouble breathing when laying down
207
ischemia
decreased blood flow to heart
208
atherosclerosis
calcium and cholsetoral bruild up on vessels, obstructing blood flow and ability to contract/dilate
209
thromboembolism
blood clot from atherosis breaking loose
210
AMI
block in artery from atherosis creates myocardial damage (cant revive)
s/s= sudden weakness, n/v, sweating, crushing chest pain, pain in lower jaw, back, arms
irregular heart beat, syncope, dypnea, pink seputum
sudden death
211
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
group of symtoms caused by myocardial ischemia
212
angina pectoris
brief time of myocardium not getting enough oxygen
from exertion and resolved with rest
s/s= crushing, squeezing, pain under sternum, 3-8 minutes, shortness of breath, n/v, sweating
213
congestive heart failure
after AMI, heart is do damaged that it can't keep up with return flow of blood
tachycardia, left ventricle enlarges
pulmonary edema or dependent edema
214
dependent edema
swelling in feet, pitting in body
215
hypertensive emergency
sys \> 180
s/s= H, strong pulse, ringing in ears, n/v, dizzy, warm skin
216
aortic aneurysm
aorta wall weakens
217
dissecting aneurysm
blood flows between layers of aorta
s/s= sudden chest pain, tearing pain
218
cardiac arrest
complete cessation of cardiac activity
absence of carotid pulse
219
diabetes metillus type 1
immune system produces antibodies against beta cells
missing insulin, glucose cant enter cells
s/s= polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue
220
diabetic ketoacidosis
fat is metabolized from lack of glucose in cells, ketones produces
s/s= generalized illness, body aches, n/v, AMS
BGL\>400
221
type 2 diabetes
resistance to effects of insulin
s/s= recurrent infection, change in vision, numb feet
222
hyperglycemia
can lead to HHNS
s/s= hyperglycemia, AMS, dehydration, visual/sensory deficit, partial paralysis, muscle weak, seizures
hyposomolarity (conc blood from dehydration)
dry, warm skin
223
hypoglycemia
224
sickle cell disease
inherited blood disorder creating abdomally shaped RBC
s/s= hypoxia, joint pain, swelling extremities, vision issues, organ damage, anemia, gallstones, jaundice, splenic dysfunction
225
hemophilia
decreased ability to clot after injury
226
(deep vein) thrombophilia
blood clots spontanously develop
s/s= pain, leg swelling, SOB, chest pain
227
228
tension headache
muscle contractions in head and neck from stress
s/s= squeezing, dull, ache
229
migraine headache
from changes in vessel size at the base of the brain
s/s= history of migraines, pounding, throbbing, pulsating, n/v, flashing lights, partial vision loss
230
sinus headache
from pressure because of fluid accumulation in sinus cavities
s/s= cold-like, nasal congestion, cough, fever
231
a headache is life threatening if it is accompanied by
fever
stiff neck
seizures
AMS
following head trauma
232
stroke
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
interruption of blood flow to brain
233
ischemic stroke
blood though cerebral arteries is blocked by clot (thrombosis or embolus)
s/s= loss of movement on opposite side of clot, varied
234
hemorrhagic stroke
blood vessel ruptures, accumulated blood creates clot that prevents blood flow
s/s= sudden onset severe headache
235
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
brain blood flow obscured from atherosclerosis or clot
resolves on own within 24 hours
WARNING OF FUTURE STROKE
236
left hemisphere stroke
aphasia (can't produce/understand speech)
237
right hemisphere stroke
trouble moving muscles on left side
238
postictal state of seizure
5-30 mins
weak, exhaustion, sleepy
239
seizure
surge of electrical activity in the brain
240
tonic-clonic seizure
aka generalized seizure or petit mal
sudden loss of conciousness followed by chaotic muscle movement
s/s= tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, salvation, unconsciousness, severe twitching
241
partial seizure
aka focal seizure
one part of the brain, less intense
242
simple partial (focal) seizure
no change in LOC
s/s= numb, weak, dizzy, visual or sensory defecit, undramatic twitching, brief paralysis
243
complex partial (focal) seizure
AMS
abdormal environment interaction
s/s= lip smacking, eye blinking, isolated convulsions/jerking, repetitive behavior
244
febrile seizure
sudden fever and seizure in children
245
incontinence
loss of bladder/ bowel control
246
aura stage of seizure
hallucination
dizzy
confusion
numbness
distorted emotions
247
tonic stage of seizure
stiff body
incontinence
epileptic cry
back arched
248
clonic stage of seizure
jerky movements
frothy saliva
blinking eyes
249
causes of AMS
hypoglycemia
delerium
head injury
intoxication
med complication
infection in brain or bloostream
250
FAST neumonic for stroke assessment
facial droop, arm drift, speech, time of normalcy
251
behavioral crisis/psych emergency
severe impairment in daily activities or actions inappropriate to the public
s/s= agitated, violent, uncooperative, dangerous
252
organic (physical) brain syndrome
brain has physical damage to tissues
253
functional (psycological) brain sydrome
brain is normal physically
psych disorder effects body functions
254
psychosis
state of delusion, out of touch with reality
s/s= beligerent, angry, silent, withdrawn
255
excited delerium
aka agitated delerium or exhaustive mania
impairment in cognitive function
s/s= disorientation, hallucination, delusions, hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, dilated pupils
256
positional asphyxia
physical position restirics chest wall movements or causes airway obstruction
257
lateral decubitis position
one arm above head
for physically uncooperative patients
258
manic depressive
severe mood swings
drugs: lithium, halperidol, thorazine
259
PTSD
s/s= helplesness
anger, fear
avoidance of reminders
delusions
260
dissociative PTSD
person tried to find a way to escape event and internal distress
261
262
peritonitis
irritation of the peritoneum
263
diverticulitis
inflammation of small pockets at weak areas in muscle walls
spike in temperature
264
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder from gallstone blocking pathway
265
parteil peritonitis
pain to touch, pressure, heat, cold
266
visceral peritonitis
deep pain, referred pain, generalized, less severe
267
peptic ulcer disease
protective layer eroded, acid eats into organ
ELDERS
s/s= burning, gnawing stomach pain after eating, n/v, belching, hematemesis, melena
268
gallstone
form and block outlet
complete block= cholecystis
c/c= constant severe pain, n/v, indigestion, boating, gas, belching
269
270
appendicitis
inflammation of appendix
s/s= pain in umbilical area, n/v, anorexia, fever, chills, rebound tenderness
271
GI hemorrhage
symptom of other disease
upper tract- hematemis
lower tract- melena
272
gastroesophageal reflux disease
spinter between espohagus and stomach opens and stomach acid moves into esophagus
s/s= heartburn, pain swallowing, feels like object is stuck, n/v, mouth sores
273
esophageal varicies
pressire surrounding esophagus increases from liver failure
bleeding from esopagus
s/s= sudden pain near sternum or esophagus, diff swallowing, hematemisis, hypotension, s/s of shock
274
mallory-weiss tear
tear between esophagus and stomach, leads to severe bleeding and death
s/s= VOMIT, bleeding
275
gastroenteritis
infection and diarrhea
n/v, upset stomach, cramping, fever, anorexia
276
diverticulitis
bulges in colon wall turn into pouches that collect feces
creates inflammation and infection
s/s= ab pain, fever, body aches, chills, n/v
277
hemorrhoids
swelling/inflammation of blood vessels surrounding rectum
s/s= blood during defecation, itching, small mass on rectum
278
cystitis
bladder infection
aka UTI
s/s= lower ab pain, frequent urination, pain around bladder
279
kidney failure
loss of ability to create waste
acute or chronic
280
kidney stone
s/s= flank and groin pain, hard to relieve pain, n/v, hematuria
281
hernia
protrusion of organ or tissue
282
283
serious s/s of insect stings
bronchospasm, wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, dyspnea, anxiety, GI complains, hypotension
284
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
infection of upper female reproductive organs
s/s= generalized ab pain, foul-smelling discharge, pain during sex, fever, n/v, anorexia
285
chlamydia
most common STD
s/s= lower ab paain, low back pain, n, fever, pain during sex, bleeding off period
286
bacterial vaginosis
overgrowth of abnormal bacteria
s/s= itching, burning, fishy discharge
287
gonorrhea
bacteria grows rapidly in warm areas
s/s women= painful urination, yellow bloody discharge, odor, blood during sex
288
rectal infection s/s
anal discharge
itching
painful bowel movement
289
s/s of date rape drugs
can't remember events
weak, confused
loss of conciousness
loss of muscle compliance
290
291
gestational diabetes
during preganacy, resolves after delivery
in people who haven't had diabetes before too
292
preeclampsia
pregnancy induced hypertension
s/s=H, visual abnormality, hand feet edema, anxiety, n/v
293
eclampsia
seizures as a result of preeclampsia
294
supine hypotensive syndrome
compression of vena cava by uterus while laying supine
295
ectopic pregancy
fetus growing outside uterus in fallopian tubes
missed period, pain in lover ab
296
abtruptio placenta
placenta prematurely seperates from wall of uterus from hypertension or trauma
s/s=severe ab pain, vag. bleeding
297
placenta previa
placenta develops over cervix and comes out first
298
first stage of labor
begin-contractions
end-cervix dilated
longest (16hrs)
s/s= bloody show, water breaking
299
false labor
aka baxton hicks contractions
regular contractions
change in position can alleviate pain
small fluid leakage
300
true labor
stonger more frequent contractions
changing position doesnt help pain
water breaking
301
ligtening
fetus descendng into pelvis
302
second stage of labor
begin-fetus enters birth canal
end-delivery
crowning
303
third stage of labor
begin-birth
end-delivery of placenta
contractions continue
up to 30 mins
304
cephalic position
head first delivery
305
nuchal cord
umbilical cord around the neck
306
fundus
firm, grapefruit size mass in lower abdomen that is the upper end of the uterus
307
vertex position
head first dlivery
308
breech position
butt first delivery
309
limb presentation
single arm or foot delivery
310
spina bifida
defect where spinal cord or meninges protrude from newborn
311
312
s/s of pediatric decreased perfusion
pallor, weak distal pulses, delayed cap refil, cool hands and feet
313
fontanelles bulging means
increased ICP
314
fontanelles sunken means
dehydration
315
PAT components
appearance, work of breathing, circulation to skin
316
the bad B's of pediatrics
bradycardia, bradypnea
317
early s/s of pediatric resp emergency
combative, restless, anxiety
318
later s/s of pediatric resp emergency
chest rises less, less effors, cyanosis, pallor, altered LOC, apnea periods, bradycardia
319
partial upper airway obstruction s/s
STRIDOR
decreased breath sounds
320
partial lower airway obstruction s/s
WHEEZING
CRACKLES
321
pediatric asthma s/s
wheezing, cyanosis, resp distress
322
ped pneumonia s/s
rapid breathing, grunt/wheeze, nasal flaring, hypothermia, fever
323
ped epiglottisis s/s
look sick, sore throat, high fever
324
ped bronchiolotis s/s
dehydration, SOB, fever, RSV history
325
ped pertussis s/s
common cold, whoop sound
326
ped shock s/s
tachycardia, poor cap refil, change in LOC
327
ped meningitis s/s
fever, altered LOC, apnea, cyanosis, stiff neck, irratble, bulging fontanelle
328
shaken baby syndrome
head bleeding and c-spine damage
329
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
no cause of death known
330
apparent life-threatening event (ATLE)
baby resumes breathing when stimulated
cyanosis, apnea, unresponsive
331
order of bruise color
red, blue/purpe, green,yellow, brown
332
common conditions in geriatrics (3)
hip fractures, fallls, clots from sedentary behavior
333
geriatric pulmonary embolism s/s
tachycardia, sudden dyspnea, cough, syncope
334
hypertrophies
heart enlarges in geriatrics
335
vascular stffening of geriatrics is from
hypertension and arterioslecrosis
336
right side heart failure s/s
fluid backs up into body
JVD, ascites (fluid in abdomen)
peripheral edema
enlarged liver
337
left side heart failure s/s
fluid back up into lungs
pulmonary edema
roles, crackles
SOB, hypoxia
338
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
attack of resp distress at night in reclined position
from left side heart failure
339
leading cause of geriatric death
STROKE
340
presbycosis
age-related hearing loss
341
dementia
chronic, slow developement
disorientation, short attention span, loss of cognition
342
delerium geriatrics
sudden change in mental status
343
disorder of motor nerves
muscle cramps, weakness, spasm, loss of coordination and balance
344
disorder of sensory nerves
tingling, numb, itching, pain, burning
345
disorder of autonomic nerves
change in BP and HR, constipation, bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction
346
general s/s of GI issues
pale/yellow skin, thing skin, edema, hypertension, fever, tachycardia
347
hypothyroidism
from less metabolism of thyroxine as a geriatric
s/s= slow HR, fatigue, dry skin, weight gain
348
arthritis
joints loose flexibility
349
kyphosis
forward curling of back
"hunchback"
350
decubitis ulcers
pressure ulcers, bed sores
cut off blood flow
351
polypharmacy
taking multiple perscription medicatins
352
GEMS for geriatrics
geriatric patients
environmental assessment
medical assessment
social assessment
353
autism spectrum disorder
impairment of social interaction
354
down syndrome
genetric chromosomal effect (triple 21)
intellectual impairment
355
sensorineural deafness
nerve damage from damage to inner ear
356
conductive hearing loss
faulty transmission of sound waves
357
cerebral palsy
poorly controlled body movement
possible epilepsy
358
spina bifida
incomplete closure of spinal collumn
latex allergy
some paralysis
359
tracheostmy tubes
around stoma
prone to secretion obstruction
360
gastrostomy tubes
food into stomach
361
shunt
draines excess CSF
362
vagus nerve stimulators
treatment for epilepsy that isn't medication
363
colostomies, illesostomies
create opening in intestines for waste removal
364
urostomy
urine drains from stoma in abdominal wall
365
conduction
direct contact
366
convection
cyclical motion of warm rising, cool falling
367
evaporation
liquid to gas
body cooling mecahnism
368
radiation
heat delivered by radiant energy
369
respiration
cool in, warm out of body
370
hypothermia
core temp below 95
cyanosis, shivering
371
mild hypothermia
shivering, foot-stamping
constricted blood vessels, rapid breathing
withdrawn
372
moderate hypothermia
loss of coordination, stiffness, coma
slowing resps, weak pulse, dysrhythmias
confused to unresponsive
373
severe hypothermia
apparent death
cardiac arrest
unresponsive
374
frostnip
skin freezes but deeper tissues are unaffected
375
immersion foot
aka trench foot
prolonged exposure to cold water
376
s/s of local cold injuries
blanched skin, cold, loss of feeling and sensation
377
frostbite
tissues are frozen and permanently damaged
s/s= hard wavy feel, firm to frozen, blisters, swelling, necrosis
378
heat cramps
first sign of hyperthermia
change in electrolyte balance leads to cramps
s/s= muscle cramps, dehydration
379
heat exhaustion
temp 104
hypovolemia from loss of water and electrolytes
faint, dizzy
excessive sweating
cool, pale, clammy
rapid, weak pulse
muscle cramps
380
heat stroke
tissues are destroyed
temp 106
throbbing headache
no sweating
red, hot, dry
n/v
rapid, strong pulse
may loose conciouness
381
diving reflex
slowing of the heart
382
descent emergency
sudden increase in pressure
ruptured tympanic membrane
383
ascent emergencies
air embolism
decompression sickness
384
air embolism ascent emergency s/s
blotching, froth, severe pain, dyspnea, dizzy, n/v, cough, cyanosis
385
decompression sickness
nitrogen bubbles obstruct blood vessels
abdominal and joint pain, patient bends over
386
dysbarism injury
s.s caused by atmospheric pressure vs pressure of gasses in body
387
acute mountain sickness
diminish ox pressure in air over 5,000 feet
s/s= H, lightheaded, fatigue, loss of appetite, N, SOB
388
HAPE
pulomary edema, 8,000 feet
s/s= SOB, cough, pink suputm, cyanosis, rapid pulse
389
HACE
cerebral edema
s/s= severe headache, ataxia (loss of muscle cordiation), fatigue
390
indirect effects from lightning are called
splash effects
391
mild lightning strike
loss of conciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, superficial brn
392
moderate lightning strike
seizures, resp arrest, dystrhythmias, superficial birn
393
severe lightning strike
cardiac arrest
394
massive muscle spasms
tetany
395
black widow spider bite
neurotoxin
localized pain, muscle spasms, dizzy, n/v, rashes, tight chest
396
brown recluse spider bite
cytoxix
swollen, tender, pale, mottled, large ulcer
397
pit viper s/s of envenomation
burning pain at site, eccymosis, severe bleeding, weak, n/v, sweating, seizures, fainting, changed LOC, shock
398
rocky mountain spotted fever
7-10 days after
n/v, h
weakness
paralysis
cardiresp arrest
399
lyme disease
first: flu-like, bullseye rash
layer: swelling of joint
400
