Chapter 7- Life Span Development

Question 1

…: birth to 1 month

…: 1 month to 1 year, develop at a startling rate

Answer 1

neonates; infants

Question 2

(neonates and infants) vital signs:
the younger the person, the .. the pulse rate and respirations
blood pressure directly corresponds to the patient’s … and typically … with age

Answer 2

faster; weight; increases

Question 3

(neonates and infants) at birth, a pulse rate of … to .. beats/min and a respiratory rate of .. to .. breaths/min are normal

Answer 3

90; 180; 30; 60

Question 4

(neonates and infants)
Shortly after birth, the pulse often drops to …to …beats/min and the respiratory rate drops to between …to … breaths/min.
By 1 year, the respiratory rate slows to … to … breaths/min.

Answer 4

100; 160 ; 25; 50; 20; 30

Question 5

(neonates and infants) a neonate usually weights … to … lb (3 to 3.5 kg) at birth
growth of about .. g per day, doubling their weight by 4 to 6 months and tripling it by the end of the first year
head accounts for …% of its body weight

Answer 5

6; 8; 30; 25

Question 6

(neonates and infants) cardiovascular system: at birth, neonate makes transition from fetal to independent …

Answer 6

circulation

Question 7

(neonates and infants) pulmonary system: infants younger than 6 months are prone to …
infants have large tongues and shorter, narrower airways, so … is more common
the rib cage is less … and the ribs sit horizontally

Answer 7

nasal congestion; airway obstruction; rigid

Question 8

(neonates and infants) when performing bag-mask ventilation, remember than an infant’s lungs are

Answer 8

fragile

Question 9

(neonates and infants) the nervous system continues to evolve after … birth.
a neonate is born with certain reflexes: ‘
… reflex
… grasp
… reflex
… reflex

Answer 9

moro; palmar; rooting; sucking

Question 10

(neonates and infants) …: when a neonate is startled, it opens its arms wide, spreads its fingers, and seems to grab at things

Answer 10

moro reflex

Question 11

(neonates and infants) …: occurs when an object is placed into the neonate’s palm

Answer 11

palmar grasp

Question 12

(neonates and infants) …: when something touches a neonate’s cheek, it will instinctively turn its head toward the touch

Answer 12

rooting reflex

Question 13

(neonates and infants) …: occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked

Answer 13

sucking reflex

Question 14

(neonates and infants) …: spaces between the bones that eventuallyf use to form the skull

Answer 14

fontanelles

Question 15

(neonates and infants) the posterior fontanelle fuses by … months
the anterior fontanelle fuses between … and … months

Answer 15

3; 9; 18

Question 16

(neonates and infants) infant’s immune system maintains some fo the …
infants can also receive … via breastfeeding

Answer 16

mother’s immunities; antibodies

Question 17

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes begin at birth and evolve as the infant interacts with and reacts to the environment
2 months: recognizes familiar .. and tracks objects with eyes
3 months: brings objects to …; smiles/frowns
4 months: .. out to people; drools
5 months: sleeps …; recognizes .. from strangers
6: .. begins, sits …, speaks one syllable words
7: afraid of …, mood swings
8: responds to …, can sit alone, plays peek-a-boo
9 months: pulls up to .., places objects in mouth to explore
10: responds tohis/her …, …
11: starts to .. without help; frustrated with restrictions
12: knows his/her .., walks

Answer 17

faces; mouth; reaches; through night; family members; teething; upright; strangers; no; stand; name; crawls; walk; name

Question 18

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes:
… is the main method of communicating
… is based on a secure attachment

Answer 18

crying bonding

Question 19

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes cont
… is common in older infnats
… and … involves needs being met

Answer 19

separation anxiety; trust; mistrust

Question 20

(neonates and infants) … attachment is found in infants who are repeatedly rejected:
children show little emotional response to their parents/caregivers and treat them as they would strangers

Answer 20

anxious-avoidant

Question 21

(toddlers and preschoolers)
toddlers (.. to … yrs)
pulse: … to .. beats/min
respiratory rate: … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: … to … mm Hg

Answer 21

1; 3; 90; 150; 20; 30; 80; 100

Question 22

(toddlers and preschoolers)
preschoolers (… to … yrs)
pulse: … to … beats/min
respiratory rate: … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: … to … mm Hg

Answer 22

3; 6; 80; 140; 20; 25; 80; 100

Question 23

(toddlers and preschoolers) do not have well-developed …, so they are unable to sustain deep/rapid respirations for an extended period of time
… is lost
… growth makes considerable progress

Answer 23

lung musculature; passive immunity; neuromuscular;

Question 24

(toddlers and preschoolers) average age for completion of toilet training is … months of age

Answer 24

28

Question 25

(toddlers and preschoolers) psychosocial changes: learn to ... and ... themselves at 36 months of age, ... is mastered ... and play ... with other children by 18 to 24 months, ... and ... begin to become understood children learn to recognize ... by observing role models

Answer 25

speak; express; basic language; interact; games; cause; effect; gender differences

Question 26

(school age children) ... to ... years. vital signs approach those of adulthood: pulse: .. to ... beats/min respiration rate: ... to .. breaths/min systolic blood pressure: ...to ... mm Hg

Answer 26

6; 12; 70; 120; 15; 20; 80; 110

Question 27

(school age children) obvious .. traits and body ... changes become apparent --> growth of ... lb and ... inches each year

Answer 27

physical; function; 4; 2.5

Question 28

(school age children) ... comes in, brain activity increases in ...

Answer 28

permanent teeth; both hemispheres

Question 29

(school age children) psychosocial changes: children learn various types of reasoning--> .... reasoning: act to avoid punishment and get what they want ... reasoning: look for approval from peers and society ... reasoning: make decisions guided by their conscience self-... and self-... develop

Answer 29

preconventional; conventional; postconventional; self-concept; self-esteem

Question 30

(adolescents-teenagers) ... to ... years vital signs ... within the adult ranges pulse: ... to ... beats/min respirations: ... to ... breaths/min systolic blood pressure: ... to ... mm Hg

Answer 30

12; 18; level off; 60; 100; 12; 20; 90; 110

Question 31

(adolescents-teenagers) ... to ...-year growth spurt: girls finish by ... years, boys by ... years

Answer 31

2; 3; 16; 18;

Question 32

(adolescents-teenagers) ... system matures: ... sexual development takes place---> ... hair and ... hair begin to appear ... start to change ... begins

Answer 32

reproductive; secondary; pubic; axillary; voices; menstruation

Question 33

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes: adolescents and their families often deal with conflict--> ... becomes an issue and ... increases adolescents may struggle to create their own .... they often want to be treated like adults, yet cared for like younger children

Answer 33

privacy; self-consciousness; identity;

Question 34

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes (contd): ... behavior and ... peak at age .. to .. years: smoking, illicit drug use, unprotected sex are problems that may arise ... can arise in adolescents from an attempt to gain ... through what they eat

Answer 34

antisocial; peer pressure; 14; 16; eating disorders; self-control

Question 35

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes contd: a code of ... develops, based partly on parents' ethics and values and partly on the influence of the adolescent's enviro adolescents have a high risk for ... and ...

Answer 35

personal ethics; suicide; depression

Question 36

(early adults) ages ... to ... years vital signs do not vary greatly: pulse will avg around ... beats/min and range between ... and ... beats/min respiratory rate will stay in the range of ... to ... breaths/min systolic blood pressure will be between ... and ... mm Hg

Answer 36

70; 60; 100; 12; 20; 90; 140

Question 37

(early adults) from 19 to 25 yrs, the body should be functioning at its .. level: lifelong ... are solidified the body is working at ..., but as early adulthood continues, subtle ... begins

Answer 37

habits; peak efficiency; erosion

Question 38

(early adults) psychosocial changes: life centers on ..., ... and ... adults strive to create a place for themselves in the world, and many strive to ... --> love and marriage and family despite all of this stress and change, this is one of the more ... periods of life

Answer 38

work; family; stress; settle down; stable

Question 39

(middle adults) ages ... to ... years; vital signs remain the same vulnerable to ... and ... loss ... incidence increases

Answer 39

41; 60; vision; hearing; cancer

Question 40

(middle adults) ... health becomes an issue | menopause occurs in late ... or early ...

Answer 40

cardiovascular; 40s; 50s

Question 41

(middle adults) ..., ..., and ... problems are common | .. and healthy ... can diminish effects of aging

Answer 41

diabetes; hypertension; weight; exercise; diet

Question 42

(middle adults) psychosocial changes: focus on achieving ... readjust lifestyle as children ... generally have the ..., ..., and ... reserves to handle life's issues may be caring for children leaving for ... along with ...

Answer 42

life goals; leave home; physical; emotional; spiritual; college; aging parents

Question 43

(older adults) ... yrs or older | life expectancy constantly changing: now about ... yrs

Answer 43

61; 78

Question 44

``` (older adults) vital signs depend on: overall .. ... conditions ... taken older adults are often able to overcome numerous .. problems by may need multiple ... ```

Answer 44

health; medical; medications; medical; medications

Question 45

(older adults) cardiovascular system: declines with age largely due to ... ... and ... decrease --> cardiac output can no longer meet the demands of the body

Answer 45

atherosclerosis; heart rate; cardiac output

Question 46

(older adults) cardiovasc system contd: ... system becomes stiff --> heart must work harder to move the blood effectively the ability to produce replacement ..., as does the ...

Answer 46

vascular; blood cells; blood volume

Question 47

(older adults) respiratory system: size of the airway ... and the surface area of alveoli ... natural elasticity of the lungs ...--> breathing becomes more ..

Answer 47

increases; decrease; decreases; labor intensive

Question 48

(older adults) respiratory system: ... and ... become more likely ... decreases ... increases--> a lifetime of breathing, esp breathing air with high levels of pollution, causes the accumulation of pollutants in the lungs

Answer 48

aspiration; obstruction; vital capacity; residual volume

Question 49

(older adults) by age 75 yrs, the vital capacity may amount to only ...% of the vital capacity of a young adult. factors include: loss of respiratory ... increased stiffness of the .. decreased surface area available for exchange of air

Answer 49

50; muscle mass; thoracic cage;

Question 50

(older adults) endocrine system: ... production drops off ... decreases physical activity slows, but often there is no decrease in ... hormone production for both sexes gradually ... sexual desire may ..., but does not cease

Answer 50

insulin; metabolism; food intake; decreases; diminish

Question 51

(older adults) digestive system: .. sensations decrease: changes in gastric and intestinal function may inhibit nutritional intake and utilization in older adults .. secretion decreases and reduces the body's ability to process complex carbs ability of intestines to contract and move food ...

Answer 51

taste; saliva; diminishes

Question 52

(older adults) .. become increasingly common

Answer 52

gallstones

Question 53

(older adults) renal system: ... function declines by 50% from age 20 to 90 years ... mass decreases 20% over the same span there is a decreased ability to clear ... from the body there is a decreased ability to ... when needed

Answer 53

filtration; kidney; wastes; conserve fluids

Question 54

(older adults) nervous system: In the CNS, the brain weight may shrink 10 to 20% by age 80--> ... and ... neural networks slow down neurons are .., but this doesn't mean there is a loss of knowledge/skill ... patterns change ... diminishes brain .. decreases

Answer 54

motor; sensory; lost; sleep; peripheral nerve sensation; brain mass

Question 55

(older adults) bc peripheral nerve sensation is diminished: increased .. causes longer delays between stimulation and motion the resulting slowdown in reflexes and decreased kinesthetic sense may contribute tot he incidence of ... and ...

Answer 55

reaction time; falls; trauma

Question 56

(older adults) age related shrinkage creates a void between the brain and the outermost layer of the ..., which provides room for the brain to .. when stressed

Answer 56

meninges; move

Question 57

(older adults) sensory changes: most older adults can ... and .. well, may need ... or ... aids visual ... are common hearing loss is ... times more common than vision loss

Answer 57

see; hear; glasses; hearing; distortions; four

Question 58

(older adults) psychosocial changes: | most people retain high brain function until about ... years before death: theory referred to as the ... hypothesis

Answer 58

5; terminal drop

Question 59

(older adults) psychosocial changes cont: statistics indicate that 95% of the elderly live at ...: increasing number of elderly in the US as a result of the baby boom of the 1940s and 1960s has produced a need for additional ... factilities

Answer 59

home; assisted living

Question 60

(older adults) psychosocial changes contd. financial limitations may restrict access to ... or ... one of the important issues that the elderly need to face is their own mortality--> ... and ... can be challenges

Answer 60

health care; medications; isolation; depression