Conditions/how to treat Flashcards
SAMPLE history
Signs/symptoms, allergies-medications-pertinent medical history-last intake-events leading up to event
OPQRST
onset-point/provocation-quality-radiation-severity-timing
Symptoms of diabetes
3 P’s: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia; important to check blood sugar & see when last food/drink intake was
Hypoglycemia
commonly seen in type I diabetics; AMS, cool, weak, tachycardia; treat with glucose!, can mimic a stroke
Tachycardia
abnormal heart impulses leads to increased heart rate
Hyperglycemic emergencies
DKA (Type I diabetes)
HHNS (Type II)
Treatment: check blood glucose, give insulin if high, hydration
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
patients with Type I break down fats as energy- ketones produced; Symptoms: 3 P’s, fruity/acetone breath, AMS, nausea/vomiting, rapid/deep respirations; check blood glucose, make sure patent airway, give oxygen if needed
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
patients with Type II DM, cells resistant to insulin so VERY high blood sugar results; symptoms: 3 P’s, no acetone/fruity breath, normal respirations, nausea/vomiting; check blood glucose
Anaphylactic reaction
strong allergic reaction; serious, rapid onset; symptoms: compromised respirations/constricted airway, low blood pressure, skin/mucosal tissue reaction; treatment: Epi pen- reverses histamine release/effects of anaphylaxis
JVD
Jugular Vein Distension; bulging neck vein, sign of heart issues/heart failure
Respiratory distress
irregular breathing: rate, rhythm, quality; Positive Pressure ventilation if needed, supplemental oxygen
Shock
failure of circulatory system to supply oxygen throughout body; give high concentration O2; give blankets to maintain body heat, rapid transport; 3 types- hypovolemic (loss of blood), cardiogenic (heart not pumping well- could be MI/heart attack), or vasodilatory
AMS
could be due to hypoglycemia (check glucose), hypoxia (check oxygen), or stroke
Ischemic Stroke
need to check timing; give thrombolytic medication if stroke was within 3-4 hours; check for airway obstruction; suspect stroke in patients with AMS; do FAST stroke test; check glucose, give oxygen-brain needs this, ventilation; constantly checking ABC’s
Hemorrhagic stroke
quick onset- can be fatal in short period of time; no thrombolytic meds; headaches, AMS, nausea/vomiting
Seizure management
after seizure- ensure patent airway: use OPA or NPA if needed; if lasts >5 min give oxygen, ventilation
ventricular fibrillation
problem with heart rhythm; electrical activity is chaotic and doesn’t lead to sufficient contractions; shockable by an AED
ventricular tachycardia (v tach)
abnormal electrical signals in the ventricles cause the heart to beat faster than normal; shockable by an AED
non-shockable rhythms
asystole and pulseless electrical activity
deep vein thrombosis
blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs, may lead to pain and swelling
angina pectoris
chest pain, triggered by emotional events or physical exertion
pulmonary edema
fluid buildup in the lungs, can be a result of cardiac problems
status epilepticus
multiple seizure in a row without a gap; can be life threatening
febrile seizure
common in young children; high fever in the setting of an infection
