Conditions/how to treat

Question 1

SAMPLE history

Answer 1

Signs/symptoms, allergies-medications-pertinent medical history-last intake-events leading up to event

Question 2

OPQRST

Answer 2

onset-point/provocation-quality-radiation-severity-timing

Question 3

Symptoms of diabetes

Answer 3

3 P’s: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia; important to check blood sugar & see when last food/drink intake was

Question 4

Hypoglycemia

Answer 4

commonly seen in type I diabetics; AMS, cool, weak, tachycardia; treat with glucose!, can mimic a stroke

Question 5

Tachycardia

Answer 5

abnormal heart impulses leads to increased heart rate

Question 6

Hyperglycemic emergencies

Answer 6

DKA (Type I diabetes)
HHNS (Type II)
Treatment: check blood glucose, give insulin if high, hydration

Question 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 7

patients with Type I break down fats as energy- ketones produced; Symptoms: 3 P’s, fruity/acetone breath, AMS, nausea/vomiting, rapid/deep respirations; check blood glucose, make sure patent airway, give oxygen if needed

Question 8

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)

Answer 8

patients with Type II DM, cells resistant to insulin so VERY high blood sugar results; symptoms: 3 P’s, no acetone/fruity breath, normal respirations, nausea/vomiting; check blood glucose

Question 9

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 9

strong allergic reaction; serious, rapid onset; symptoms: compromised respirations/constricted airway, low blood pressure, skin/mucosal tissue reaction; treatment: Epi pen- reverses histamine release/effects of anaphylaxis

Question 10

JVD

Answer 10

Jugular Vein Distension; bulging neck vein, sign of heart issues/heart failure

Question 11

Respiratory distress

Answer 11

irregular breathing: rate, rhythm, quality; Positive Pressure ventilation if needed, supplemental oxygen

Question 12

Shock

Answer 12

failure of circulatory system to supply oxygen throughout body; give high concentration O2; give blankets to maintain body heat, rapid transport; 3 types- hypovolemic (loss of blood), cardiogenic (heart not pumping well- could be MI/heart attack), or vasodilatory

Question 13

AMS

Answer 13

could be due to hypoglycemia (check glucose), hypoxia (check oxygen), or stroke

Question 14

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 14

need to check timing; give thrombolytic medication if stroke was within 3-4 hours; check for airway obstruction; suspect stroke in patients with AMS; do FAST stroke test; check glucose, give oxygen-brain needs this, ventilation; constantly checking ABC’s

Question 15

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 15

quick onset- can be fatal in short period of time; no thrombolytic meds; headaches, AMS, nausea/vomiting

Question 16

Seizure management

Answer 16

after seizure- ensure patent airway: use OPA or NPA if needed; if lasts >5 min give oxygen, ventilation

Question 17

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 17

problem with heart rhythm; electrical activity is chaotic and doesn’t lead to sufficient contractions; shockable by an AED

Question 18

ventricular tachycardia (v tach)

Answer 18

abnormal electrical signals in the ventricles cause the heart to beat faster than normal; shockable by an AED

Question 19

non-shockable rhythms

Answer 19

asystole and pulseless electrical activity

Question 20

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 20

blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs, may lead to pain and swelling

Question 21

angina pectoris

Answer 21

chest pain, triggered by emotional events or physical exertion

Question 22

pulmonary edema

Answer 22

fluid buildup in the lungs, can be a result of cardiac problems

Question 23

status epilepticus

Answer 23

multiple seizure in a row without a gap; can be life threatening

Question 24

febrile seizure

Answer 24

common in young children; high fever in the setting of an infection

Question 25

petit mal seizure

Answer 25

brief lapses of attention/awareness

Question 26

myocardial ischemia

Answer 26

blood flow to heart is reduced, so heart does not receive sufficient oxygen, usually due to plaque in coronary arteries supplying the heart, precursor to MI

Question 27

myocardial infarction

Answer 27

severe obstruction preventing oxygen from supplying the heart, resulting in cell death of heart cells

Question 28

heart failure symptoms

Answer 28

lower BP, shortness of breath (fluid buildup in lungs), swelling in feet and legs, difficulty sleeping, JVD

Question 29

CHF treatment

Answer 29

oxygen/PPV if needed, diuretics to reduce fluid in lungs, nitroglycerin to reduce work of heart

Question 30

pulmonary embolism

Answer 30

blood clot blocks major artery in lungs; clot often travels from the legs up to the lungs; causes difficulty breathing and chest pain while breathing, cough up bloody sputum, increased heart rate, leads to right sided heart failure, hypoxia, cyanosis, AMS; give oxygen

Question 31

COPD

Answer 31

also called chronic bronchitis, inflammation and gunk in bronchioles makes it hard to breathe out- not exchanging enough CO2

Question 32

inhalers

Answer 32

dilate the bronchioles, metered dose inhaler

Question 33

epiglotitis

Answer 33

mostly in children, upper respiratory problem, stridor

Question 34

pneumothorax

Answer 34

collapsed lung- air leaks in space between lung and chest; absence of breath sounds on one side, JVD, hypotension, can occur due to forceful rescue breaths