Conditions and Diseases Flashcards
Tinels
Tap on nerve»parasthesia
Rombergs test
Close eyes»push on back/chest»falls over
proprioception loss
Babinskis
Sole of foot stroked»toes fan out» upper motor lesion
Hoffmann’s
Flick middle finger>clawing motion on hand>cervical myelopathy
LHermitte’s
Flex neck>shock sensation down body>cervical instability or stenosis
Multiple sclerosis
Central demyelinating disease, possible abnormal SSEPs (esp lowers, increased lumbar to cortical conduction time/decreased central conduction velocity)
Age of onset: 15-40 years
Diabetes
neuropathy, slow responses
Charcot Marie Tooth
peripheral neuropathy demyelinating
most common neurological disorder
CMT pt lose use of their extremities as nerves degenerate, occasional loss of sensory nerve functions
SEP delayed with central prolongation (cortical delay) in lower SSEP
Friedrich’s ataxia
Progressive degenerative disease targeting large myelinated fibers
Symptoms include muscle weakness, ataxia, loss of sensation in the extremities
Typically normal SSEP
ataxia
uncoordinated muscle activity resulting in a staggering gait
loss of balance and coordination
Apraxia
Inability to produce purposeful movements
Meningocele
Fluid filled meninges protrusion
Myelomenigocele
A menigeocele with spinal cord and/or nerve roots included in the protrusion
Syringomyelia
central canal filled with fluid in spinal cord
Chiari malformation
malpositioned cerebellum tonsils into foramen magnum
tourettes
brain disorder-no effect on SSEPs
Radiculopathy
pinched nerve root
myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
spondylolisthesis
anterior displacement of a vertebra (usually L5) over the inferior vertebra
Spondylosis
Degenerative changes in the vertebrae
ankylosis
a fused joint
stenosis
narrowing of a lumen
dyskinesia
abnormal movement
Tinnitus
noise in ear/ringing/buzzing
Caused by buildup of cerumen, damage to eardrum, disease, or drugs (aspirin/quinene)
Vertigo
Hallucination that one is moving or their surrounding environment is moving
A symptom found in those with diseases in the labyrinth, vestibular nerve, or its nuclei in the brainstem
Meniere’s Disease
inner ear disturbance caused by fluid imbalance
symptoms include vertigo and tinnitus
ABR might be abnormal if symptomatic
Otosclerosis
Ossicles fusing together resulting in conductive hearing loss
Otitis media
acute infection of the middle ear cavity with the reddening and outward bulging of the eardrum, which may rupture
Acustic neuroma/Vestibular schwannoma
Tumor of the cochlear or vestibular branch of the VIIIth nerve (acoustic nerve)
CPA tumor
Tumor in the cerebello-pontine angle, usually affecting the VIIth and the VIIIth nerves
Bells palsy
Loss of function of the facial nerve- CN VII/facial
Brainstem injury results in what regarding sensory and motor?
results in IPSILATERAL cranial nerve deficits and CONTRALATERAL sensory-motor deficits
Huntingtons Chorea
characterized by uncoordinated, jerky body movements and a decline in some mental abilities
cortical response may have low amplitude and delayed latency
Parasthesia
tingling associated with peripheral nerve damage
Pseudarthrosis
“False joint”
bone fracture with no chance of mending, new fracture resembles a fibrous joint
Tethered cord syndrome
cord is prevented from normal upward movement during development
*EAS, external urethral sphincter, and tib ant are monitored (S1-S2)
Selective dorsal rhizotomy
procedure for the treatment/reduction of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
*EMG monitored-surgeon will stimulate nerve fibers and section off the ones that give abnormal/excessive responses
** bipolar stim with 30-50Hz pulse train
5-15 rootlets per root
define afterdischarge
prolonged EMG discharge after rootlet stimulation has ceased
Agnosia
loss of ability to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss
Define anastamosis
nerve graft
Proprioception
body and space awareness
communicated by the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway
Brown-sequard syndrome
lateral hemi-section of the cord producing *ipsilateral loss of motor function and *contralateral loss of major sensory function below level of injury
Torticollis
stiff neck caused by spastic contraction of neck muscles drawing the head to one side with chin pointing to the other side
Guillain-Barre syndrome
polyneuritis with progressive muscular weakness of extremities
body’s immune system attacks part of the PNS
