Anesthesia

Question 1

What two drugs cause an increase in amplitude of cortical responses?

Answer 1

Etomidate and ketamine

Question 2

Isofluorane MAC value?

Answer 2

1.15% MAC

Question 3

Sevofluorane MAC value?

Answer 3

2.1% MAC

medium solubilty, takes longer than Des to wear off

Question 4

Desfluorane MAC value?

Answer 4

6% MAC
rapid onset, faster SEP changes than other gases
low solubility, easiest to penetrate cells, fastest to work

Question 5

Nitrous oxide N20 MAC value?

Answer 5

105% (used together with another gas causes a compound effect)

causes most profound depression of cortical responses

Question 6

What are the two rare gases not commonly used in general anesth?

Answer 6

Enfluorane (proconvulsant-causes seizure spikes in EEG) and halothane

Question 7

Anesthesia

Answer 7

loss of consciousness, lack of response to stimuli

Question 8

Amnesia

Answer 8

Loss of memory/prevention of recall

Question 9

Analgesia/antinoceception

Answer 9

Block pain/noxious stimuli activation of nervous system

Question 10

Anxiolytic

Answer 10

reduces anxiety

Question 11

Narcotics (opioids)

Answer 11

Used for analgesia and antinoceception

Sufentanil, Fentanyl, Alfentanil, Remifentanil (short acting, must be infused), morphine

Question 12

Barbituates

Answer 12

Used for rapid induction in the beginning of case or after wake-up test or to provide brain protection during potential ischemia
Rapid on and offset
Bolus will cause decreased SSEP amplitude and burst suppression EEG
Thiopental, phenobarbital, amytal

Question 13

Propofol

Answer 13

AKA diprivan/milk of amnesia
Common to achieve unconsciousness
Can achieve similar level of sedation as gas, but has much less effect on SSEPs
**Bolus of propofol causes depression of cortical SSEPs

Question 14

Benzodiazapines

Answer 14

Minimal changes in SSEPs at common dosages
Midazolam (versed), Diazepam (valium), lorazepam (ativan)
usually given in preop for anxiety (anxiolytic)