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PCM III Final Exam > Concepts in Cardiac Assessement- Tyler > Flashcards

Concepts in Cardiac Assessement- Tyler Flashcards

1
Q

S3 is normal sound in ______

A

kids

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2
Q

What causes the S1 sounds?

A

closure of mitral valve

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3
Q

S3 and S4 are (diastolic/systolic) sounds?

A

diastolic

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4
Q

What type of split S2 describes delayed closure of pulmonic valve on INSPIRATION?

A

Wide physiologic split

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5
Q

What type of split S2 describes prolonged ventricular systole?

A

fixed splitting

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6
Q

What type of split S2 describes closure of aortic valve after P2 on EXPIRATION?

A

paradoxical split

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7
Q

What heart sound reflects atrial contraction into non compliant ventricle?

A

S4

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8
Q

What heart sound (S1,2,3,4) do you expect to hear in aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

S4

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9
Q

What heart sound (S1,2,3,4) do you hear with LV failure?

A

S3

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10
Q

Tricuspid Regurg and VSD can be heard in which of the following

a. LLSB
b. RUSB
c. Left midclavicular line
d. LUSB

A

a. LLSB

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11
Q

Grade the following murmur: loud with palpable thrill?

A

4/6

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12
Q

Grade the following murmur: very faint, may not be heard in all positions

A

1/6

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13
Q

Grade the following murmur: moderately loud, NO THRILl

A

3/6

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14
Q

Grade the following murmur: very loud with thrill, can be heard with stethoscope entirely off chest?

A

6/6

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15
Q

What is the classic triad of aortic stenosis?

A

SAD

syncope, angina, dypnea

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16
Q

Common cause of aortic stenosis, especially in older poeple?

A

calcific valve degeneration

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17
Q

Decreased carotid pulse (parvus e tardus) is noted for which murmur on PE ?

A

aortic stenosis

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18
Q

Aortic stenosis gets LOUDer with __________?

A

squatting

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19
Q

Systolic crecendo-decrescendo , harsh murmur, radiates to sternal notch?

A

Aortic Stenosis

20
Q

Medical therapy is not enough to treat ______ (murmur) instead, surgical intervention provides more survival.

A

aortic stenosis

21
Q

ACUTE aortic regurg has two types _______ +________

A

native & prosthetic

22
Q

Native acute AR is caused by what 3 things?

A
  1. endocarditis
  2. typeA dissection
  3. Trauma
23
Q

Prothetic acute AR is caused by what 3 things?

A
  1. tissue leaflet rupture
    2 paravavular regurg
  2. mechanical valve closure problem
24
Q

(Acute/ Chronic) AR presents with pulmonary edema and low CO?

A

ACUTE

25
Q

(Ac cercise tolerance ?

A

Chronic

26
Q

(Acute/ Chronic) AR is caused by rheumatic fever, aortic root dilation, or endocarditis?

A

Chronic

27
Q

(Acute/ Chronic) AR is due to valve deformity?

A

chronic

28
Q

Diastolic Decrescendo, high pitched murmur at LSB?

A

aortic regurg

29
Q

Must monitor pts with AR using ECHO to follow ______size and function?

A

Left ventricular

30
Q

Avoid vasodilator for _______ and use vasodilators for _______(AR/AS)?

A
  1. AS

2. AR

31
Q

Tricuspid regurg is a result of ______ dilation

A

right ventricular

32
Q

IV drug abusers will have _________ (murmur)

A

Tricuspid regurg

33
Q

Systolic Holosystolic blowing murmur LSB ?

A

Tricuspid Regurg

34
Q

Unlike VSD, __________(murmur) increases with inspiration? (Both are heard at LLSB)

A

Tricuspid Regurg

35
Q

Large jugular V waves are indicative of -__________ (murmur)

A

TR

36
Q

Diastolic Low pitch, rumbling, with opening snap?

A

mitral stenosis

37
Q

The MORE sever the Mitral stenosis the _______ (smaller/larger) the s2-OPening snap interval?

A

SMALLER

38
Q

The s2-OS interval is _________ proportional to the severity of MS

A

inversely (more severe= smaller interval)

39
Q

Most common cause of Mitral stenosis?

A

rheumatic fever

40
Q

What is the triad of CXR findings for mitral stenosis?

A
  1. prominent Pulm artery vascularity
  2. enlarged LEFT atrium
  3. normal size LV
41
Q

Systolic , upper LSB, fixed split of S2?

A

ASD

42
Q

Enlarged RV, Right axis deviation and RBBB on EKG are findings associated with _______ (murmur)

A

ASD ( right sided, because ASD causes volume load increase on RIGHT side)

43
Q

Patient with ASD often develops __________ (arrythmia)

A

atrial fibrillation

44
Q

Most common heart defect in children?

A

VSD

45
Q

systolic, holosystolic murmur with thrill at LLSB ?

A

VSD

46
Q

Continuous machine like murmur at LUSB?

A

PDA

PCM III Final Exam (8 decks)

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