Concepts

Question 1

What is the purpose of health-related fitness testing?

Answer 1

• Establish person’s cardiovascular and metabolic status
• Gaining a sense of baselines physiological parameters
• Identify movement asymmetries that may cause injury
• Knowing person’s capacity so they are not over-exerted
• Checking-in along the way
• Being able to monitor change or improvement (physical, emotional)

Question 2

1. Pre-exercise Screening

Purpose

Components

Answer 2

• Record baseline measurements, identify health issues, determine risk stratification
• Identify signs of cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disease
• Identify pre-existing cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic conditions

• Medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests

Question 3

Risk Factors (7)

Answer 3

• Family history of coronary heart disease
• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Dyslipidemia
• Impaired fasting glucose
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle

Question 4

RISK STRATIFICATION

Low-risk

​Age (men & women)

Max # risk factors

Exercise tolerance (intensity)

Answer 4

• Men less than 45, women less than 55
• 1 risk factor; asymptomatic
• Vigorous (maximal) activity

Question 5

RISK STRATIFICATION

Moderate-risk

Age (men & women)

Max # risk factors

Exercise tolerance (intensity)

Answer 5

• Men 45+; women 55+

OR

• 2 or more risk factors
• Moderate (sub-maximal) activity

Question 6

RISK STRATIFICATION

High-risk

Age (men & women)

Max # risk factors

Exercise tolerance (intensity)

Answer 6

• None specified
• Individuals with cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic diseases; or symptoms suggestive of these diseases
• Seek medical clearnace prior to exercise

Question 7

2. Organization of Exercise Tests

Answer 7

• Resting measurements (HR, BP, body comp)
• Cardiorespiratory endurance
• Muscular strength
• Muscular endurance
• Flexibility

Question 8

Problem Solving Steps (5)

Answer 8

• Define the problem
• Identify the issues
• Consider the information and its implications
• Generate ideas and create a potential solution
• Reflect on the problem and outcome

Question 9

Approaches Used to Measure HR (4)

Answer 9

• Auscultation
• Palpation
• HR monitors
• Electrocardiogram

Question 10

Approaches Used to Measure BP (3)

Answer 10

• Intra-arterial pressure measurements
• Sphygmomanometry
• Oscillometry

Question 11

Approaches Used to Measure Body Comp

Answer 11

• Skinfold measurements
• BMI
• Waist-to-hip ratio
• Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
  
  • fat mass vs. fat free mass
• Underwater weighing
  
  • multiple components

Question 12

Approaches Used to Measure Aerobic Fitness (Ventilation and VO₂)

Lab Test(s)

Field Tests

Answer 12

• Graded exercise test
  
  • Stop when O₂at steady state (max)
  • Stop at pre-determined workload (sub-max)
• VO₂max prediction equation

• 9 or 12 min run test
• Step test
• Bike or swimming test

Question 13

Approaches Used to Measure Musculoskeletal Fitness

Answer 13

• Dynamometers for isometric (static) strength
• Free weights or machines for dynamic strength
• 4, 6, or 8RM tests

Question 14

Approaches Used to Measure Flexibility

Answer 14

• Goniometer
• Leighton flexometer
• Sit-and-reach box

Question 15

Conceptual Fitness Continuum

Purpose

Components

Answer 15

• Health and skill related fitness combined to give a complete picture of “fitness”
• Combines aspects of basic performance with success to give holistic view of “fitness”

• Cardiovascular endurance
• Speed
• Power
• Muscular strength
• Muscular endurance

Question 16

Health Belief Model

Answer 16

• Your belief in a personal threat together with your belief in the effectiveness of the proposed behaviour will predict the likelihood of that behaviour
• Examines **perception **of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers
• Applied to physical, mental, and social aspects too
• Fear is a perceived threat (mental)
• Environmental factors are cues to action (social)
• Confidence to maintain the behaviour (self-efficacy; physical)

Ex: If I am confident I can achieve a task, if I believe I have the physical skills to be successful, I am more likely to be successful. If I have support from family, friends, and doctors, I am more likely to make a change.

Question 17

Sticking to an Exercise Program

Answer 17

• Provide immediate feedback
• Schedule a follow-up assessment
• Establish a social support network
• Consider a fear appraisal
• Encourage the participant to set goals

Question 18

SMART Goals

Answer 18

• Specific
• Measurable
• Attainable
• Realistic
• Timed

Question 19

How to Create an Action Plan (6)

Answer 19

• Choose a goal- performance over outcome
• Establish short term goals
• Tell others about the goal- relapse prevention
• Identify potential stumbling blocks
• Identify ways you will evaluate your progress
• Reward achievements