Conceptions of Social Realities Flashcards
Social Realities (HBSE)
The research’s values about what is real and what an individual believes to be a fact
Ontology
The world should be examined outside the researcher’s influence
Realist
The world depends on how the individuals see and experience it
Relativist
The perspective we place on how we come to know the world, the truth, or the reality
Epistemology
The process and methods of inquiring about the reality
Methodology
There is an objective reality independent of the subject or an individual
Objectivism
Does not involve values, biases, and emotions
Objectivism
There are multiple realities based on subjective interpretations of each individual and group
Subjectivism
Using our guts, emotions, and instincts to guide us in examining facts and making rational thought and decisions
Intuition
Involves accepting new ideas because some authority figures mention that these ideas are actual
Authority
Involves using logic and reasoning to acquire knowledge and information, logical rules are followed to arrive at a consclusion
Rationalism
Suggests that knowledge can be acquired through observation and experience
Empiricism
A process of systematically collecting and evaluating evidence to test ideas and answer questions
Scientific Method
The circumstance, or state-of-being, in which workers hold views that are contrary to workers’ objective class interests; this subjective consciousness does not arise organically from among workers, but is imposed or foisted upon them by the dominant ideology of the capitalist class
False Consciousness
Social mechanisms create distortions in the consciousness of the masses through the control of mass communication, education, religion and other institutions
False Consciousness
Gramsci’s extension of Marxist conceptualization of ideology
Hegemony
The bourgeoise maintained their dominance not through force or coercion, but through willing, spontaneous consent of the ruled
Hegemony
The masses are socialized into accepting the bourgeoise ideologies as common sense or the standard worldview mainly through educational system, leading to the working class maintaining the status quo and granting legitimacy to the socioeconomic order that perpetuates their oppression
Class Consciousness
To uncover the real sources of oppression, and generate a unified revolt and a collective will, the working class must develop organic consciousness or counter hegemony first
Organic Consciousness
According to __________, power is something that acts and manifests itself in different ways
Michel Foucault
A model of surveillance where a small group of people in power constantly observes the majority
The Panopticon
Refers to the exercise of power by actors or groups
Personal Agency
The lack of ability to exercise power
Powerlessness
Includes political power observable through formal rules, structures, institutions, and procedures of decision making, ex. passing a bill to law
Visible Power
