Concept Quiz 6.3 Flashcards
Thorndike’s law of effect states that behavior is _____.
Stamped into an animal relative to the consequences of the behavior
Both Thorndike and Skinner agreed that ____ is a powerful tool for managing behavior.
Positive reinforcement
Lucia, who experiences extreme anxiety when taking an exam, practices, meditation, breathing to reduce her anxiety before taking a test. Her meditation breathing is an example of _____.
Negative reinforcement
The reinforcement of a desired behavior on some occasions, but not others, is called ______ reinforcement?
Partial
Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as ______.
Latent learning
What is a token economy?
An economy in which tokens take on value because they can be exchanged for valued goods
A modified cage containing lovers or buttons that can be pressed are packed by animals and is used to investigate. Operant conditioning is called a _____.
Skinner box
Thorndike and Skinner were in agreement about the relative weakness of ______ as a means of controlling behavior.
Punishment
A consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of behavior by applying an aversive stimulus is referred to as _____.
Positive punishment
What is a disadvantage of continuous reinforcement?
It is not convenient to do so for an extended time period
Based on his experiments, Edward Tolman believed that ______.
Rats develop the cognitive maze for where they could find food
One of the most dramatic applications of behavior therapy is the treatment for _____ pioneered by O. Ivar Lovaas.
Autism spectrum disorder
What is true of operant conditioning?
It generally involves voluntary behaviors
Which condition does NOT have to be met for punishment to have observable effects on behavior?
Delayed response
Richard, who is 16 years old, misses his curfew and is grounded by his parents. He is not allowed to leave the house, see his friends, or use his cell phone for one week. His parents actions illustrate ____.
Negative punishment
