Concept Quiz 6.1 Flashcards
Inevitably, involuntary responses to stimuli that are primarily controlled by circuits located in spinal cord and brain stem are referred to as _____.
Reflexes
What distinguishes a reflex from an instinct?
An instinct is a more complex behavior than a reflex.
Learning is traditionally divided into three categories: association, non-association, and _____.
Observational
Why does associative learning provide an enormous survival advantage?
Organisms are able to predict the future and thus are given time to prepare for future events
What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning generally works best with involuntary, reflexive behaviors; operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors
Which of the following is an example of non-associative learning?
Andrea recently learned how to drive a car. At first, she found merging into highway traffic very stressful, but now she can do it with ease.
Which process below is defined as relatively permanent change in behavior get to experience?
Learning
Jim and his father are watching the ball game on television. Jim’s father starts to yawn and Jim soon follows. This is example of ____.
An instinct
The process of associating a behavior with its consequence is known as _____.
Operant conditioning
The formation of associations between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time is referred to as ____.
Classical Conditioning
If people are continuously exposed to an unchanging stimulus, that they know, will not cause them harm, they will most likely _____.
Habituate to the stimulus
In humans, most reflexes are controlled by nervous system circuits located in the ______.
Spinal cord and brain stem
Sarah allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drive-by and it’s engine, backfire loudly, Isabel quickly jumped on her hind legs and barks probably. Isabel’s response illustrates _____.
A reflex
As Angel speed down Elm Avenue, he suddenly slams on his break to avoid a collision with another car. Angel’s response is an example of ____.
A learned behavior
Learning that involves changes in the magnitude of responses to a specific stimulus is referred to as ____ learning. This type of learning does not involve the formation of connections between stimuli.
Non-associative
