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2nd yr- IBMS- e lecs > Concept of a balanced diet > Flashcards

Concept of a balanced diet Flashcards

1
Q

What should a balanced diet include?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Protein
  4. Vitamins and minerals
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2
Q

What does a balanced diet promote?

A
  1. Optimal body function
  2. Freedom from infection
  3. Disease resistance
  4. Effectiveness of medical treatment
  5. Quality of life
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3
Q

What do dietary requirements depend on?

A
  1. Gender
  2. Age
  3. Pregnancy/ lactation
  4. Levels of physical activity
  5. Disease
  6. Genetic background
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4
Q

Define what a balanced diet it

A

A balanced diet should provide carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals in adequate amounts and in the correct proportions

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5
Q

What has an unbalanced diet been linked to?

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Heart disease
  3. Diabetes
  4. Hypertension
  5. Strokes
  6. Caries, periodontal disease and oral mucosa problems
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6
Q

What type of diseases does the developed world suffer from?

A

Diseases of affluence

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7
Q

What are “Diseases of affluence” caused by?

A

The super abundant of refined sugar, salts and fats in our diets and the reduction of other components such as fibre

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8
Q

What type of diseases does the underdeveloped world suffer from?

A

Diseases of deficiency

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9
Q

Give an example of a disease of affluence?

A

Obesity

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10
Q

State the UK governments 8 tips for eating healthy

A
  1. Base your ears on starchy foods
  2. Eat lots of fruit and veg
  3. Eat more fish
  4. Cut down on saturated fat and sugar
  5. Try to eat less salt
  6. Get active and try to be a healthy weight
  7. Drink plenty of water
  8. Don’t skip breakfast
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11
Q

What happens if you have too little of a certain nutrient?

A

Will lead to a deficiency disease

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12
Q

What happens if you have too much of a certain nutrient?

A

May be toxic

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13
Q

What does DRVs stand for?

A

Dietary reference values

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14
Q

What are DRVs?

A

They are estimates of the energy and nutrients need by different groups of healthy people in the UK

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15
Q

Who sets the DRVs?

A

In the UK they are set by the committee on medical aspects of food and nutrition policy (COMA) in the early 1990s

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16
Q

What is the estimated average requirement (EAR)?

A

It is the level of a nutrient requires to satisfy about 50% of the population

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17
Q

What can be derived from the EAR?

A

The reference nutrient intake (RNI)

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18
Q

How is the RNI calculated?

A

The RNI is set 2 standard deviations above the mean and will meet the individual requirement of 97.5% of the population

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19
Q

What is the lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI)?

A

It is a nutrient that only meets the requirements of 2.5% of the population.

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20
Q

What does RNI stand for and how should it be used?

A

Reference nutrient intake

It should be used when assessing the detract intake of a group

21
Q

If in a group of people the average intake of nutrient is closer to the RNI than the LRNI what does that mean?

A

Means its less probable that any individual will have an inadequate intake

22
Q

If in a group of people the average intake of nutrient is closer to the LRNI than the RNI what does that mean?

A

Means there’s a greater probability that some individuals will have an inadequate intake

23
Q

How is the DRV information provided to consumers?

A

Packaging can contain nutrition data. If it does, it must include:
1. Energy content
2. Protein, fat and carbohydrate content
Optionally it can include:
1. Sugars, saturates, fibre, sodium, unsaturated fats and cholesterol
2. Some specified vitamins and minerals

24
Q

How is energy content displayed on a food package?

A

In kJ and kcal

25
Q

How are protein, fat & carbohydrate displayed on a food package?content

A

In grams

26
Q

How are Sugars, saturates, fibre, sodium, unsaturated fats, cholesterol levels displayed on a food package?

A

In grams

27
Q

How are some specified vitamin and mineral levels displayed on a food package?

A

as a % of the RDA

28
Q

What does GDA stand for?

A

Guideline daily amounts

29
Q

What are energy GDAs derived from?

A

The EAR for men and women aged between 19-50

30
Q

What is the energy GDA for women of normal weight and fitness?

A

2000kcals per day

31
Q

What is the energy GDA for men of normal weight and fitness?

A

2500kcals per day

32
Q

What is the energy GDA for children of normal weight and fitness?

A

There currently no GDA for children

33
Q

What are the fat and saturates GDA based on?

A

The dietary reference values for the nutrients published by the department of health

34
Q

What is the recommended level of salt per day?

A

6g per day

35
Q

How are GDAs intended to be used?

A

ntended as guidance to help consumers in their understanding of their recommended daily consumption of energy (calories), fat and saturates and a base against which the content of individual foods can be compared.

36
Q

How do we obtain energy?

A

By oxidising food

37
Q

What do we use energy for?

A
  1. 30% used for Physical activity
  2. 60% used to maintain body function (BMR)
  3. 10% is accounted for by the thermic effect of food
38
Q

What does BMR stand for?

A

Basic metabolic rate

39
Q

What does energy requirement depend on?

A
  1. Mainly physical activity levels
  2. Gender
  3. Age
  4. Pregnancy/ lactation
  5. Genetic background
40
Q

1 kcal = ?kJ

A

1 kcal = 4.2 kJ

41
Q

1000 calories= ?kcal = ?C

A

1000 calories= 1 kcal = 1 C

42
Q

What is Calories (with a capital C) short for?

A

Kilocalories (kcal)

43
Q

Out of carbohydrates, protein , fat and alcohol which has the highest calorie content by weight?

A

fat> alcohol > carbohydrate and protein.

44
Q

How much energy should alcohol contribute to?

A

no more than 5%

45
Q

What is excess energy stored as?

A

Fat in adipose tissue

46
Q

When is energy balance achieved?

Saarah is the sexiest bean alive xxx

A

When body weight remains constant

47
Q

According to the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2000/2000 how many men and women are overweight?

A

41% males

33% women

48
Q

According to the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2000/2000 how many men and women are obese?

A

25% man

20% women

2nd yr- IBMS- e lecs (4 decks)

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