concept checks 1-4

Question 1

The concept of a lifelong process that can be studied scientifcally is known as what?

Answer 1

Life-span development

Question 2

change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, ect., would constitute which type of development?

Answer 2

Cognitive

Question 3

Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health?

Answer 3

Physical

Question 4

THe existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societies but not in other societies is an example of what?

Answer 4

social construction

Question 5

the inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our?

Answer 5

heredity

Question 6

the world outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world constitute

Answer 6

environment

Question 7

In the study of human development a theory is a set of

Answer 7

logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development

Question 8

tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are called

Answer 8

hypotheses

Question 9

Organismic theorists emphasize _____ change while mechanistic theorists emphasize ___ change

Answer 9

qualitative; quantitative

Question 10

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by ____

Answer 10

Sigmund freud

Question 11

The proper order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development is

Answer 11

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 12

Which of the following is not part of the personality as proposed by Freud, id, ego, superego or libido

Answer 12

libido

Question 13

Each of Erikson’s stages involved a major developmental issue that is particularly important at that time. Erikson referred to these issues as ____ in personality

Answer 13

crises

Question 14

According to the ____ perspective people’s actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing, painful or threatening

Answer 14

behaviorism

Question 15

Any consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated is called

Answer 15

reinforcement

Question 16

THe name for a leading cause of mental retardation caused by mothers who drink alcohol heavily during their pregnancies is

Answer 16

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 17

A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg comine in the fallopian tube to form a single cell this process is referred to as

Answer 17

fertilization

Question 18

Ovulation refers to

Answer 18

the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary

Question 19

twins formed by the fertilization of two ova by two sperm are

Answer 19

fraternal

Question 20

in recent years there has been a rise in multiple births. this rise is a result of

Answer 20

delayed childbearing, increased use of fertility drugs, assisted reproduction

Question 21

A process by which non-sex cells divide in half over and over again is?

Answer 21

mitosis

Question 22

Within each cell nucleus are coils of DNA called

Answer 22

chromosomes

Question 23

How many pairs of chromosomes does that normal human being have

Answer 23

23

Question 24

the chromosomes that do not determine sex are called

Answer 24

autosomes

Question 25

a person's observable characteristics are his or her

Answer 25

phenotype

Question 26

the most common chromosomal abnormality that takes place in the autosomes is

Answer 26

down syndrome

Question 27

a fertilized ovum is called

Answer 27

zygote

Question 28

the fluid filled sac surrounding the developing human organism is the

Answer 28

amniotic sac

Question 29

during which prenatal stage do the major body systems and organs develop?

Answer 29

Embryonic

Question 30

the genetic-environment correlation where children with different genetic composition evoke responses from adults that strengthen the child's genetic inclinations is called

Answer 30

reactive correlations

Question 31

Approximately two weeks before Elizabeth's due date, her obstetrician told her that the uterine and cervical changes that bring on labor has begun. this process is referred to as

Answer 31

parturition

Question 32

the end of the second stage of childbirth is indicated by

Answer 32

the emergence of the baby from the mother's body

Question 33

the placenta is expelled from the mother's body during the ___ stage of childbirth

Answer 33

third

Question 34

Education and training in physical fitness, breathing, and relaxation in labor for women planning vaginal birth is called____

Answer 34

prepared childbirth

Question 35

the neonatal period is the first ____ of life

Answer 35

4 weeks

Question 36

the stringy, greenish-black waste from a newborn is

Answer 36

meconium

Question 37

An assessment of the newborn's appearance, pulse, reflex, activity, and breathing is called the

Answer 37

Apgar scale

Question 38

According to the text, which of the following factors will not increase the likelihood that a mother will have an underweight baby? being under 17 or over 40 having had previous low birth rate infants having had one or 2 babies within the previous 5yrs inadequate prenatal care

Answer 38

having had one or 2 babies within the previous 5yrs

Question 39

Dr. Lakiavani is advising young parents on things they can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in their babies, what is he likely to say

Answer 39

babies should be put to sleep on their backs

Question 40

which approach attempts to measure intelligence quantitatively?

Answer 40

Psychometric

Question 41

which approach looks at the quality of cognitive functioning at different stages of life?

Answer 41

Piagetian

Question 42

little mark plays with a balloon that pops in his face and frightens him. the next time he sees a balloon, he starts to cry. the type of learning illustrated in this example is called

Answer 42

classical conditioning

Question 43

The first stage in Piaget's cognitive theory is

Answer 43

sensorimotor

Question 44

Piaget called organized patterns of behavior

Answer 44

schemes

Question 45

the realization that a person or object continues to exist even when out of sight is called

Answer 45

object permanence

Question 46

A relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thoughts, and behaviors is a person's

Answer 46

personality

Question 47

sadness, joy, fear are examples of

Answer 47

emotions

Question 48

personality development intertwined with social relationships is what is meant by ___ development

Answer 48

psychosocial

Question 49

one of the first cries with which new parents are likely to become familiar is the infant's rhythmic cry, which is often associated with

Answer 49

hunger

Question 50

a person's characteristic way of approaching and reacting to people and situations defines that person's

Answer 50

temperament

Question 51

irritability, irregular rhythms and intense reactions are characteristic of which kind of temperament

Answer 51

difficult

Question 52

Troy's schedules are predictable, he adapts easily, he is pleasant, and he responds well to change. which kind of temperament does he have?

Answer 52

Easy

Question 53

"goodness of fit" implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by

Answer 53

helping children make some adaptations but essentially accepting their child's temperament

Question 54

harlow and Harlow's work with infant monkeys showed that the infants were most interested in receiving ____ from surrogate mothers

Answer 54

bodily contact

Question 55

what is means to be male or female is included in the word

Answer 55

gender

Question 56

according to erikson, the first psychosocial crisis we face is that of

Answer 56

basic trust vs. basic mistrust

Question 57

During Erikson's crisis of basic trust vs. mistrust a child

Answer 57

determines whether or not he or she can rely upon the world

Question 58

According to Erikson, child who develops a predominance of basic trust will have the virtue

Answer 58

hope

Question 59

Julie readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be

Answer 59

securely attached

Question 60

According to Erikson, which crisis occurs during toddlerhood?

Answer 60

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt