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Developmental Psychology > concept checks 1-4 > Flashcards

concept checks 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

The concept of a lifelong process that can be studied scientifcally is known as what?

A

Life-span development

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2
Q

change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, ect., would constitute which type of development?

A

Cognitive

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3
Q

Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health?

A

Physical

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4
Q

THe existence of adolescence as part of the life span in many industrialized societies but not in other societies is an example of what?

A

social construction

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5
Q

the inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our?

A

heredity

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6
Q

the world outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world constitute

A

environment

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7
Q

In the study of human development a theory is a set of

A

logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development

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8
Q

tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are called

A

hypotheses

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9
Q

Organismic theorists emphasize _____ change while mechanistic theorists emphasize ___ change

A

qualitative; quantitative

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10
Q

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by ____

A

Sigmund freud

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11
Q

The proper order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development is

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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12
Q

Which of the following is not part of the personality as proposed by Freud, id, ego, superego or libido

A

libido

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13
Q

Each of Erikson’s stages involved a major developmental issue that is particularly important at that time. Erikson referred to these issues as ____ in personality

A

crises

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14
Q

According to the ____ perspective people’s actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing, painful or threatening

A

behaviorism

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15
Q

Any consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated is called

A

reinforcement

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16
Q

THe name for a leading cause of mental retardation caused by mothers who drink alcohol heavily during their pregnancies is

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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17
Q

A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg comine in the fallopian tube to form a single cell this process is referred to as

A

fertilization

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18
Q

Ovulation refers to

A

the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary

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19
Q

twins formed by the fertilization of two ova by two sperm are

A

fraternal

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20
Q

in recent years there has been a rise in multiple births. this rise is a result of

A

delayed childbearing, increased use of fertility drugs, assisted reproduction

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21
Q

A process by which non-sex cells divide in half over and over again is?

A

mitosis

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22
Q

Within each cell nucleus are coils of DNA called

A

chromosomes

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23
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does that normal human being have

A

23

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24
Q

the chromosomes that do not determine sex are called

A

autosomes

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25
Q

a person’s observable characteristics are his or her

A

phenotype

26
Q

the most common chromosomal abnormality that takes place in the autosomes is

A

down syndrome

27
Q

a fertilized ovum is called

A

zygote

28
Q

the fluid filled sac surrounding the developing human organism is the

A

amniotic sac

29
Q

during which prenatal stage do the major body systems and organs develop?

A

Embryonic

30
Q

the genetic-environment correlation where children with different genetic composition evoke responses from adults that strengthen the child’s genetic inclinations is called

A

reactive correlations

31
Q

Approximately two weeks before Elizabeth’s due date, her obstetrician told her that the uterine and cervical changes that bring on labor has begun. this process is referred to as

A

parturition

32
Q

the end of the second stage of childbirth is indicated by

A

the emergence of the baby from the mother’s body

33
Q

the placenta is expelled from the mother’s body during the ___ stage of childbirth

A

third

34
Q

Education and training in physical fitness, breathing, and relaxation in labor for women planning vaginal birth is called____

A

prepared childbirth

35
Q

the neonatal period is the first ____ of life

A

4 weeks

36
Q

the stringy, greenish-black waste from a newborn is

A

meconium

37
Q

An assessment of the newborn’s appearance, pulse, reflex, activity, and breathing is called the

A

Apgar scale

38
Q

According to the text, which of the following factors will not increase the likelihood that a mother will have an underweight baby?
being under 17 or over 40
having had previous low birth rate infants
having had one or 2 babies within the previous 5yrs
inadequate prenatal care

A

having had one or 2 babies within the previous 5yrs

39
Q

Dr. Lakiavani is advising young parents on things they can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in their babies, what is he likely to say

A

babies should be put to sleep on their backs

40
Q

which approach attempts to measure intelligence quantitatively?

A

Psychometric

41
Q

which approach looks at the quality of cognitive functioning at different stages of life?

A

Piagetian

42
Q

little mark plays with a balloon that pops in his face and frightens him. the next time he sees a balloon, he starts to cry. the type of learning illustrated in this example is called

A

classical conditioning

43
Q

The first stage in Piaget’s cognitive theory is

A

sensorimotor

44
Q

Piaget called organized patterns of behavior

A

schemes

45
Q

the realization that a person or object continues to exist even when out of sight is called

A

object permanence

46
Q

A relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thoughts, and behaviors is a person’s

A

personality

47
Q

sadness, joy, fear are examples of

A

emotions

48
Q

personality development intertwined with social relationships is what is meant by ___ development

A

psychosocial

49
Q

one of the first cries with which new parents are likely to become familiar is the infant’s rhythmic cry, which is often associated with

A

hunger

50
Q

a person’s characteristic way of approaching and reacting to people and situations defines that person’s

A

temperament

51
Q

irritability, irregular rhythms and intense reactions are characteristic of which kind of temperament

A

difficult

52
Q

Troy’s schedules are predictable, he adapts easily, he is pleasant, and he responds well to change. which kind of temperament does he have?

A

Easy

53
Q

“goodness of fit” implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by

A

helping children make some adaptations but essentially accepting their child’s temperament

54
Q

harlow and Harlow’s work with infant monkeys showed that the infants were most interested in receiving ____ from surrogate mothers

A

bodily contact

55
Q

what is means to be male or female is included in the word

A

gender

56
Q

according to erikson, the first psychosocial crisis we face is that of

A

basic trust vs. basic mistrust

57
Q

During Erikson’s crisis of basic trust vs. mistrust a child

A

determines whether or not he or she can rely upon the world

58
Q

According to Erikson, child who develops a predominance of basic trust will have the virtue

A

hope

59
Q

Julie readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be

A

securely attached

60
Q

According to Erikson, which crisis occurs during toddlerhood?

A

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Developmental Psychology (7 decks)

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