ages 6-11 chapter 7 Flashcards
ages 6-11
-growth
- weight: doubles from ages 6-11
- height about 2-3 inches each year
- girls retain more fatty tissue than boys
- african american boys and girls grow faster than Caucasians
nutrition in middle childhood
- children need about 2,400 calories per day
- less than 10 percent of calories should come from saturated fat
-sleep need in middle childhood
- children age 9 need approximately 10 hours a night
- should be alert in the daytime
- for a 5 year old the preference is 11 hours, at 9 yrs. they still need 10
Brain Development
loss in density of gray matter or “pruning of unused dendrites” you don’t use it you lose it
- increase in white matter, or materials that transmit information - another measurement used is thickness of cortex - patterns of development in prefrontal cortex
-Recess time play
-games tend to be informal and spontaneous
-boys are more physical
-girls tend to favor games with verbal expression (jump rope)
-rough and tumble play
vigorous play that involves wrestling, kicking, chasing, and screaming
mostly ages 6-11
-Organized Sports:
- approximately 40% of 9 to 13 year olds participate in organized athletics
- to improve motor skills, sports programs should offer a variety of sports, coach toward skill building, not winning
body image
-your belief for how you look
-Acute Medical Conditions
Occasional and short term
-infections, allergies, flu, warts
chronic medical conditions
stuttering
- regarded as neurological condition - 4 times more common in boys as girls - Asthma - chronic respiratory disease, about 12% of children
-accidental injuries
- leading cause of death for this age range
- as children take part in more physical activity and are supervised less, accidents are more common
- 88% of brain injuries could be prevented by using helmets
- high risks from snowmobiles and trampolines
-Cognitive Advances: Spatial relationships and causality
- concrete-operational children have a clearer idea of distance from place to place
- better use of maps and models
- from 7-12 years old
- develop logical thinking but not abstract thinking
-Cognitive advances: categorization
Seriation: arranging objects in a series, based on a dimension ex. lightest to darkest
transitive inference: knowing the relationship between two objects, based on the relationship to a 3
-class inclusion: ability to see relationship between a whole and its parts
-Cognitive Advances: reasoning
-inductive ; starting specific and making generalizations (my dog barks your dog barks all dogs bark)
-deductive: starting general and then making specific statements (All dogs bark. spot is a dog. spot barks!)
(in concrete observation thinking they typically are only using inductive reasoning)
3 stages of Piagetian moral reasoning
- immature moral judgements center on the degree of offense
- obedience to authority ages 2-7
- increasing flexibility and autonomy (ages 7-11) what is fair
- Notion of equity around age 11 or 12; where someone understands people can be treated differently
Information Processing
- executive function- conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions
- prefrontal cortex develops
- processing speed improves: how you take information in
- home environment
- selective attention: ability to shut out distractions
- working memory increases
-Meta memory
knowledge about the processes of memory
improvements in the speed as well as the memory storage capacity
-Mnemonics:
- any technique or strategy that is used to remember information
- external memory aids, rehearsal, organization, elaboration
