Ages 0-3 years Flashcards
• Personality is comprised of
emotions, temperament, thoughts, and behavior
Looking at how personality is intertwined in personal relationships
• Emotions
• Emotions
Subjective responses to experience (no standard) (they can change and be altered person to person)
Sadness, joy, fear
Associated with
Pysiosocial changes: emotion and how they mature and develop over
Behavioral changes
Expressions depend upon culture and personality
• First signs of emotion:
It is obvious when newborns are upset
Piercing cries, flailing of limbs, stiff body
Types of cries
Hunger
Pain
FrustrationMore difficult to tell when the newborn is happy because they could be quiet
Giggling
• Emotions: first month
o Baby becomes quiet at: • Sound of human voice • Being picked up o Baby smiles when gently moved “patty cake” o Smiling and cooing
• Smiling and Laughing:
o Involuntary smiles • Appear at birth • Result of subcortical brain activity o Waking smiles after one month • Considered more social • Elicited through gentle jiggling, tickling or kissing
• Self Emotions
o Self Awareness • A realization that ones existence is separate from others • By age 3 could be earlier o Self consciousness • Depends on having self awareness • Embarrassment and empathy
• Self-Evaluative Emotions
o Pride, shame, and guilt
o Require self awareness and knowledge of socially accepted behaviors
o Children compare their own thoughts and behaviors against what is socially ok
• Empathy
o Ability to put oneself in anothers place
• Requires social cognition
• Understanding that others have thoughts and feelings
• Ideas about others feelings are used gauge own behavior
• Egocentrism absences of empathy
• Brain Growth and Emotional Development
o 4 major shirt:
• Cerebral cortex becomes functional
• Frontal lobes interact with the limbic system
• Infant develops self awareness and consciousness
• Hormonal changes coincide with evaluative emotions
• Temperament
o A biological predisposition of reactivity
o Highly heritable and stable
o Generally, how mellow are you from situation to situation
o Inborn stable in time, heritable
o Can be suppressed or modified
• Three temperaments
o Easy: • Generally happy • Responds well to change and novelty o Slow to warm up • Generally mild reactions • Hesitant about new experiences but warms up to it o Difficult • Irritable • Intense emotional responses • Does not do well with change but not necessarily good or bad
• Goodness of Fit
o Refers to the appropriateness of the environment and constraints as it relates to the child’s temperament
o Adjustment is easiest when the child’s temperament matches the situation
• Physically
• Socially
• Culturally
o A reserved 3 year old when introduced to new people sits quiet until she feels out environment- slow to warm up
o Goodness of fit would be giving the child the time to warm up
o Creates less guilt and anxiety and they are less hostile
• The Mother’s Role: Harry Harlow
o Research with rhesus monkeys o Newborns placed with “foster mother” • Cloth mother offered no food • Wire mother provided food o Babies preferred cloth mother o The importance of contact comfort o Showed the importance for attachment of something soft and physically comforting over food
• The Father’s Role
o Entails emotional commitment and direct involvement
o Amount of involvement can vary greatly
o In the US father involvement has increased dramatically since 1970’s
• More women work outside the home
• Gender differences
o Gender: what is means to be male or female
o Gender typing
• Socialization by which children learn gender roles
• Parents important in socialization
o We are born with our sex, socialization determines gender
o How children learn to be male or female
o Fathers tend to treat boys and girls differently than mothers
o Measurable difference are few if at all in males and females
o Behavioral differences between 1 and 2 years
• Boys play more aggressively
• Word choices
• Perceptions of gender
