Concept 8: Psychological, social, and biological foundations of behavior

Question 1

Self-Concept

Answer 1

how someone thinks about themselves

Question 2

Existential self

Answer 2

most basic form of self-concept. Separate and distinct entities from others.

Question 3

Categorical self

Answer 3

second step of self concept. Each object has properties or traits. Can advance where we compare ourselves to others.

Question 4

Social Identity Theory

Answer 4

Personal identity and social identity.

Question 5

The three steps of the social identity theory

Answer 5

1. Categorize 2. Personalize 3. Comparison

Question 6

Self esteem

Answer 6

sub category of self concept. Respect for one’s self.

Question 7

Self efficacy

Answer 7

sub category of self concept. belief in one’s capabilities in certain situations.

Question 8

Locus of control

Answer 8

perceived control. either internal or external.

Question 9

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual development.

Answer 9

Developed through childhood. Five stages: Oral(0-1), anal(1-3), phallic(3-6), latent(6-12), and genital(12+).

Question 10

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 10

Culture and society and it’s effect through a lifespan. 8 stages. Crisis leads to virtue or negative outcome.

Question 11

Vgotsky Theory of Sociocultural Development

Answer 11

Role of social interaction on cognition. Elementary mental function turns into higher mental functions through a learner (1. MKO) by enabling the 2. ZPD. 3. Language is the main way info is transmitted; thought determines language.

Question 12

MKO

Answer 12

More knowledgable other

Question 13

ZPD

Answer 13

Zone of proximal development–bridge between independence on problem solving and complete help.

Question 14

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Answer 14

Moral reasoning changes as we grow. Heinz dilemma.

Question 15

The three distinct levels in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

Answer 15

1. Pre-moral:
   - -obedience v punishment
   - -individualism v exchange
2. Conventional
   - -good boy and good girl (conform to other’s ideas)
   - -law and order
3. Post-conventional
   - -social contract (greater good)
   - -Universal ethics (self-moral guidance, hard to get)

Question 16

Social influence

Answer 16

how other groups influence an individual’s thought and belief.

Question 17

Mirror neurons

Answer 17

seeing someone else’s actions elicits an action “behavior” in their brain.

Question 18

Social influence categories

Answer 18

1. Imitation and roles

2. Reference groups and culture/socialization

Question 19

Reference groups

Answer 19

a group that a person refers to for their beliefs/behaviors. “aspirations”

Question 20

Mead’s main idea on development of Social influences

Answer 20

Children are not influenced by others. It’s later in life that people care. 1. preparatory 2. play stage 3. game stage. The Me and I.

Question 21

Mead’s Me and I

Answer 21

I (individual) is the response to social self. Me (society) is the social self.

Question 22

Charles Cooley and the Looking Glass

Answer 22

Self image is portrayed from our idea of what other’s think of us.