Concept 3: Cell Cycle and Cancer

Question 1

What is a zygote

Answer 1

A fertilized egg

Question 2

Define Mitosis

Answer 2

Cell division

Question 3

Define Differentiation

Answer 3

process that creates special structures and functions

Question 4

What do specialized structures become? (IN ORDER)

Answer 4

Tissues -> organs -> organ system

Question 5

Name all elements of the fertilization and early development cycle (IN ORDER)

Answer 5

Secondary Oocyte, Fertilization, egg and sperm nucleus, zygote, 2 cell stage, 4 cell stage, 8 cell stage, Morula, Blastocyst, Implanted Blastocyst

Question 6

Define ectopic

Answer 6

A fertilized egg implanted anywhere but the uterus (typically in fallopian tubes)

Question 7

What are stem cells

Answer 7

Undifferentiated cells that can become differentiated into one or more types of cells

Question 8

What are embryonic stem cells

Answer 8

Cells that never differentiated

Question 9

Where are adult stem cells found

Answer 9

Adult bone marrow

Question 10

Give examples of ectoderm cells

Answer 10

Neutrons, skin cells

Question 11

Give examples of endoderm cells

Answer 11

Stomach, pancreatic, lung cells

Question 12

List 5 Mesoderm cells

Answer 12

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, red blood cells, bone cell

Question 13

List the 2 germ cells

Answer 13

Egg and Sperm

Question 14

Define cell cycle

Answer 14

repeated pattern of growth in eukaryotic cells

Question 15

What are the 2 main purposes of the cell cycle

Answer 15

Growth and repair

Question 16

what are the 3 main phases of the cell cycle

Answer 16

Interphase (Cell growth), Mitosis (Cell division), and Cytokinesis (Cytoplasm separation which begins at the end of mitosis

Question 17

What is the interphase in cell cycle

Answer 17

the growth phase

Question 18

Name the parts that the interphase consists of

Answer 18

G1 phase (Gap 1), S phase (synthesis), and G2 phase (Gap 2)

Question 19

What happens during the G1 phase

Answer 19

Cell grows and makes proteins

Question 20

What happens during the S phase

Answer 20

DNA replication occurs, doubling the number of chromosomes

Question 21

What happens during the G2 phase

Answer 21

more growth and protein synthesis occurs

Question 22

Define chromosome

Answer 22

A long thread of DNA consisting of thousands of genes

Question 23

Define Gene

Answer 23

A section of DNA containing instructions to making a specific protein

Question 24

How many chromosomes are in the human body

Answer 24

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs (Chromosomes always occur in pairs of homologous chromosomes)

Question 25

How are parent to offspring chromosomes split

Answer 25

1/2 from biological father and the other 1/2 from biological mother

Question 26

Define Chromatid

Answer 26

one half of duplicated chromosme

Question 27

What are sister chromatids

Answer 27

two identical chromatids

Question 28

What is a centromere

Answer 28

A region of condensed chromosmoes that look pinched

Question 29

What is a telomere

Answer 29

Repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome

Question 30

What is the sequence of mitosis

Answer 30

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis begins