Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything with mass, occupies space, and is made of atoms

Question 2

6 Elements necessary for life

Answer 2

CHONPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur)

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Made of subatomic particles, has neutrons, electrons, and protons

Question 4

Where are electrons found in an atom

Answer 4

Electron clouds and electron shells

Question 5

Where are Neutrons and Protons found in an atom

Answer 5

In the nucleus

Question 6

Cell

Answer 6

The most basic unit of life

Question 7

Order of units of life

Answer 7

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Question 8

Atomic structure

Answer 8

Atoms are made of protons and neutrons in a nucleus and electrons in a surrounding electron cloud

Question 9

Where is most of an atom’s mass

Answer 9

Positively charged nucleus

Question 10

Where is most of an atom’s volume

Answer 10

Negatively charged electron cloud

Question 11

In a periodic table, what does the atomic number tell you

Answer 11

Number of protons an element has

Question 12

What is the average atom mass of an element from the nucleus

Answer 12

The sum of protons and neutrons in the most common isotope

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

2 or more forms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons and is written as the elements name, then the mass number in the top left and atom number in the bottom left

Question 14

How is the electron cloud of an atom divided

Answer 14

Into energy shells or levels; innermost shell can hold up to two electrons and most other can hold eight

Question 15

Valence electrons

Answer 15

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 16

How many valence electrons does a noble gas have

Answer 16

8

Question 17

Compound

Answer 17

Two or more atoms of different elements bound together

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together

Question 19

Covalent bonds

Answer 19

When non-metallic atoms share electrons

Question 20

Ionic bonds

Answer 20

When electrons are transferred from a metallic atom to a non-metallic atom

Question 21

Cation

Answer 21

When an atom loses electrons and becomes more positively charged

Question 22

Anion

Answer 22

When an atom gains electrons and becomes more negatively charged

Question 23

Single bond

Answer 23

One electron from each atom is shared

Question 24

Double/triple bond

Answer 24

Two/three electrons from each atom is shared

Question 25

Polar molecule

Answer 25

Unequal distribution of charges makes one side more positive and one side more negative, dissolves in water

Question 26

Nonpolar molecule

Answer 26

No separation of charge, no negative or positive poles are formed

Question 27

What is the attraction between polar molecules

Answer 27

Hydrogen bond

Question 28

Which is stronger, hydrogen or covalent bonds

Answer 28

Covalent bonds

Question 29

What does the group number tell you on the periodic table

Answer 29

Number of valence electrons an atom has

Question 30

What does the period number tell you on the periodic table

Answer 30

How many energy levels an atom has (Energy levels are number of shells)

Question 31

Water makes up how many percent of the human body

Answer 31

65%

Question 32

what percent of the earth's surface is covered in water

Answer 32

71%

Question 33

Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule

Answer 33

Polar

Question 34

What term explains water droplets being formed by water molecules attracted to each other

Answer 34

Cohesion

Question 35

What property allows water to stick to the sides of a straw

Answer 35

Adhesion

Question 36

What property of water allows bugs to walk on water

Answer 36

Surface tension

Question 37

Amount of heat it takes water to change to its gaseous state

Answer 37

Large amounts

Question 38

What property allows sweat to cool the body and coastal cities to have more moderate temperatures than inland cities

Answer 38

high heat capacity

Question 39

A solution with a pH less than 7 is

Answer 39

Acidic

Question 40

A solution with a pH more than 7 is

Answer 40

Basic

Question 41

Why is water a polar molecule

Answer 41

The oxygen in water is slightly more electronegative than the oxygen

Question 42

What bond occurs between hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Answer 42

Covalent bonds

Question 43

What type of bond is formed between water molecules

Answer 43

Hydrogen bonds

Question 44

Why does surface tension and capillary action occur in water

Answer 44

Because it has hydrogen bonds

Question 45

What kinds of substance can dissolve in water

Answer 45

Polar molecules

Question 46

What needs to be true for a neutral solution

Answer 46

H+ must equal OH-

Question 47

What needs to be true for a basic solution

Answer 47

OH- needs to be greater than H+

Question 48

What percent of water on earth is salt water

Answer 48

97%

Question 49

Where is most fresh water found

Answer 49

Glaciers and ice caps

Question 50

Evaporation

Answer 50

Liquid water on Earth's surface changes into water vapor in the atmosphere

Question 51

Sublimination

Answer 51

Snow or ice on Earth's surface changes directly into water vapor in the atmosphere

Question 52

Transpiration

Answer 52

Plants give off liquid water, most of which evaporates into the atmosphere

Question 53

Condensation

Answer 53

Water vapor in the atmosphere changes to liquid water droplets, forming clouds or fog

Question 54

Preipitaiton

Answer 54

Water droplets in clouds are pulled to Earth's surface by gravity, forming rain, snow or other types of falling moisture

Question 55

What are the freezing points of water

Answer 55

0 Degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 56

What are the boiling points of water

Answer 56

100 Degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 57

pH of water

Answer 57

7

Question 58

Why is water colorless

Answer 58

Its selective absorption and scattering of white light (Transparency) allows sunlight to pass through it

Question 59

Water is consisted of

Answer 59

One atom of oxygen, two atoms of hydrogen (H2O)

Question 60

Why is water considered a universal solvent

Answer 60

Because it dissolves almost everything

Question 61

Define solution

Answer 61

A homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or most substances

Question 62

Define solute

Answer 62

A dissolved solution

Question 63

Define solvent

Answer 63

The substance that is being dissolved

Question 64

Define solubility

Answer 64

A solute's ability to dissolve in a solvent

Question 65

Define Hydrophilic

Answer 65

"Water liking" and easily dissolvable in it

Question 66

Define Hydrophobic

Answer 66

"Water fearing" and does not dissolve in water