Concept 1: DNA Structure & Replication

Question 1

What are the types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?

Answer 1

A, T, C, G in DNA. A, U, C, G in RNA

Question 2

The “complementary base pairing rules” state that A’s bond with which other base?

Answer 2

T’s

Question 3

What role do Nucleic Acids play in the context of DNA Replication?

Answer 3

Nucleic Acids, which hold genetic sections of DNA serving as instructions for making proteins, contain genes located at specific points on a chromosome

Question 4

What is formed as a result of DNA replication that is complementary to the original strand?

Answer 4

Complementary strand

Question 5

What macromolecule holds our genetic sections of DNA that serve as the blueprint for making proteins?

Answer 5

Nucleic Acids

Question 6

The macromolecule that holds our genetic instructions for making proteins is known as what?

Answer 6

Nucleic Acids

Question 7

The nitrogen base C bonds with which another base according to the DNA structure?

Answer 7

G’s

Question 8

The nitrogen base that adenine (A) bonds within DNA structure is what?

Answer 8

Thymine (T)

Question 9

The DNA structure. Nitrogen bases bond only to their complementary base pair with hydrogen bonds?

Answer 9

A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s

Question 10

The full form of DNA is?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

The complementary base pairing rules dictate the specific pairing between which nucleotides in DNA?

Answer 11

Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine

Question 12

The macromolecule that holds our genetic material?

Answer 12

Nucleic acids

Question 13

The full form of RNA is?

Answer 13

Ribonucleic acid

Question 14

What is the purpose of DNA Replication?

Answer 14

To ensure each new cell has the same DNA as the original cell

Question 15

What is the significance of DNA replication being semi-conservative?

Answer 15

Each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand

Question 16

What is formed during DNA replication?

Answer 16

Two identical DNA molecules, each with old and new strands

Question 17

The two types of sugar found in nucleotides are?

Answer 17

Deoxyribose, ribose

Question 18

How are two identical DNA molecules formed during DNA replication?

Answer 18

Each with one “old” and one “new” strand

Question 19

What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication?

Answer 19

Helicase

Question 20

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur in?

Answer 20

S Phase

Question 21

Why is DNA Replication considered semi-conservative?

Answer 21

Because each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand

Question 22

The nitrogen bases found in RNA are?

Answer 22

A, U, C, G

Question 23

What is DNA replication?

Answer 23

The process of making identical copies of DNA

Question 24

What are the complementary base pairing rules in DNA structure?

Answer 24

A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s

Question 25

What are the characteristics of RNA structure?

Answer 25

Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases

Question 26

Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

Answer 26

Each parent strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand, conserving part of the original molecule

Question 27

What is the purpose of DNA Replication during Interphase?

Answer 27

Ensures identical DNA in new cells

Question 28

Where does DNA Replication take place within the cell?

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

The sugar found in DNA nucleotides is called?

Answer 29

Deoxyribose

Question 30

What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?

Answer 30

Help find complementary bases and bind them

Question 31

The type of sugar found in RNA molecules is?

Answer 31

Ribose

Question 32

What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?

Answer 32

Enzymes help find complementary bases and bind them according to base-pairing rules {A-T and C-G}

Question 33

What is the function of chromosomes in heredity?

Answer 33

Chromosomes are tightly coiled strands of DNA that contain genes, which are sections of DNA with instructions to code for proteins

Question 34

What is a gene?

Answer 34

A section of DNA with instructions to code for a protein

Question 35

What are the key components involved in the process of DNA replication?

Answer 35

RNA primer, DNA ligase, DNA Polymerase 3

Question 36

The shape of DNA is?

Answer 36

Double helix

Question 37

What is the purpose of DNA Replication in cell division?

Answer 37

Ensure identical DNA in new cells

Question 38

The instructions for making proteins are contained in which macromolecule?

Answer 38

DNA

Question 39

The type of genetic material that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis is?

Answer 39

mRNA

Question 40

The DNA structure resembles what object?

Answer 40

Twisted ladder

Question 41

What type of bonds connect the nitrogen bases in DNA?

Answer 41

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 42

What is the function of genes in DNA?

Answer 42

Genes contain instructions to code for proteins and are located at certain points on a chromosome

Question 43

What is the structure of RNA in terms of nucleotides and bases?

Answer 43

Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases

Question 44

What is the significance of DNA Replication during the S Phase of Interphase?

Answer 44

Ensures identical DNA in new cells

Question 45

What forms a complementary strand to the original DNA during replication?

Answer 45

Forms a "complementary" strand to the original strand

Question 46

The blueprint for making proteins is provided by which macromolecule in cells?

Answer 46

DNA

Question 47

The base unique to RNA is?

Answer 47

Uracil