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Biology > Concept 1: DNA Structure & Replication > Flashcards

Concept 1: DNA Structure & Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?

A

A, T, C, G in DNA. A, U, C, G in RNA

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2
Q

The “complementary base pairing rules” state that A’s bond with which other base?

A

T’s

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3
Q

What role do Nucleic Acids play in the context of DNA Replication?

A

Nucleic Acids, which hold genetic sections of DNA serving as instructions for making proteins, contain genes located at specific points on a chromosome

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4
Q

What is formed as a result of DNA replication that is complementary to the original strand?

A

Complementary strand

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5
Q

What macromolecule holds our genetic sections of DNA that serve as the blueprint for making proteins?

A

Nucleic Acids

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6
Q

The macromolecule that holds our genetic instructions for making proteins is known as what?

A

Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

The nitrogen base C bonds with which another base according to the DNA structure?

A

G’s

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8
Q

The nitrogen base that adenine (A) bonds within DNA structure is what?

A

Thymine (T)

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9
Q

The DNA structure. Nitrogen bases bond only to their complementary base pair with hydrogen bonds?

A

A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s

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10
Q

The full form of DNA is?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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11
Q

The complementary base pairing rules dictate the specific pairing between which nucleotides in DNA?

A

Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine

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12
Q

The macromolecule that holds our genetic material?

A

Nucleic acids

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13
Q

The full form of RNA is?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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14
Q

What is the purpose of DNA Replication?

A

To ensure each new cell has the same DNA as the original cell

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15
Q

What is the significance of DNA replication being semi-conservative?

A

Each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand

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16
Q

What is formed during DNA replication?

A

Two identical DNA molecules, each with old and new strands

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17
Q

The two types of sugar found in nucleotides are?

A

Deoxyribose, ribose

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18
Q

How are two identical DNA molecules formed during DNA replication?

A

Each with one “old” and one “new” strand

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19
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication?

A

Helicase

20
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur in?

A

S Phase

21
Q

Why is DNA Replication considered semi-conservative?

A

Because each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand

22
Q

The nitrogen bases found in RNA are?

A

A, U, C, G

23
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

The process of making identical copies of DNA

24
Q

What are the complementary base pairing rules in DNA structure?

A

A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s

25
Q

What are the characteristics of RNA structure?

A

Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases

26
Q

Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

A

Each parent strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand, conserving part of the original molecule

27
Q

What is the purpose of DNA Replication during Interphase?

A

Ensures identical DNA in new cells

28
Q

Where does DNA Replication take place within the cell?

A

Nucleus

29
Q

The sugar found in DNA nucleotides is called?

A

Deoxyribose

30
Q

What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?

A

Help find complementary bases and bind them

31
Q

The type of sugar found in RNA molecules is?

A

Ribose

32
Q

What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?

A

Enzymes help find complementary bases and bind them according to base-pairing rules {A-T and C-G}

33
Q

What is the function of chromosomes in heredity?

A

Chromosomes are tightly coiled strands of DNA that contain genes, which are sections of DNA with instructions to code for proteins

34
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA with instructions to code for a protein

35
Q

What are the key components involved in the process of DNA replication?

A

RNA primer, DNA ligase, DNA Polymerase 3

36
Q

The shape of DNA is?

A

Double helix

37
Q

What is the purpose of DNA Replication in cell division?

A

Ensure identical DNA in new cells

38
Q

The instructions for making proteins are contained in which macromolecule?

A

DNA

39
Q

The type of genetic material that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis is?

A

mRNA

40
Q

The DNA structure resembles what object?

A

Twisted ladder

41
Q

What type of bonds connect the nitrogen bases in DNA?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

42
Q

What is the function of genes in DNA?

A

Genes contain instructions to code for proteins and are located at certain points on a chromosome

43
Q

What is the structure of RNA in terms of nucleotides and bases?

A

Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases

44
Q

What is the significance of DNA Replication during the S Phase of Interphase?

A

Ensures identical DNA in new cells

45
Q

What forms a complementary strand to the original DNA during replication?

A

Forms a “complementary” strand to the original strand

46
Q

The blueprint for making proteins is provided by which macromolecule in cells?

A

DNA

47
Q

The base unique to RNA is?

A

Uracil

Biology (5 decks)

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