Concept 1: DNA Structure & Replication Flashcards
What are the types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?
A, T, C, G in DNA. A, U, C, G in RNA
The “complementary base pairing rules” state that A’s bond with which other base?
T’s
What role do Nucleic Acids play in the context of DNA Replication?
Nucleic Acids, which hold genetic sections of DNA serving as instructions for making proteins, contain genes located at specific points on a chromosome
What is formed as a result of DNA replication that is complementary to the original strand?
Complementary strand
What macromolecule holds our genetic sections of DNA that serve as the blueprint for making proteins?
Nucleic Acids
The macromolecule that holds our genetic instructions for making proteins is known as what?
Nucleic Acids
The nitrogen base C bonds with which another base according to the DNA structure?
G’s
The nitrogen base that adenine (A) bonds within DNA structure is what?
Thymine (T)
The DNA structure. Nitrogen bases bond only to their complementary base pair with hydrogen bonds?
A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s
The full form of DNA is?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The complementary base pairing rules dictate the specific pairing between which nucleotides in DNA?
Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
The macromolecule that holds our genetic material?
Nucleic acids
The full form of RNA is?
Ribonucleic acid
What is the purpose of DNA Replication?
To ensure each new cell has the same DNA as the original cell
What is the significance of DNA replication being semi-conservative?
Each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand
What is formed during DNA replication?
Two identical DNA molecules, each with old and new strands
The two types of sugar found in nucleotides are?
Deoxyribose, ribose
How are two identical DNA molecules formed during DNA replication?
Each with one “old” and one “new” strand
What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
What phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur in?
S Phase
Why is DNA Replication considered semi-conservative?
Because each parent strand serves as a template for the new bases to form a complementary strand
The nitrogen bases found in RNA are?
A, U, C, G
What is DNA replication?
The process of making identical copies of DNA
What are the complementary base pairing rules in DNA structure?
A’s bond with T’s. C’s bond with G’s
What are the characteristics of RNA structure?
Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
Each parent strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand, conserving part of the original molecule
What is the purpose of DNA Replication during Interphase?
Ensures identical DNA in new cells
Where does DNA Replication take place within the cell?
Nucleus
The sugar found in DNA nucleotides is called?
Deoxyribose
What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?
Help find complementary bases and bind them
The type of sugar found in RNA molecules is?
Ribose
What is the role of enzymes in DNA replication?
Enzymes help find complementary bases and bind them according to base-pairing rules {A-T and C-G}
What is the function of chromosomes in heredity?
Chromosomes are tightly coiled strands of DNA that contain genes, which are sections of DNA with instructions to code for proteins
What is a gene?
A section of DNA with instructions to code for a protein
What are the key components involved in the process of DNA replication?
RNA primer, DNA ligase, DNA Polymerase 3
The shape of DNA is?
Double helix
What is the purpose of DNA Replication in cell division?
Ensure identical DNA in new cells
The instructions for making proteins are contained in which macromolecule?
DNA
The type of genetic material that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis is?
mRNA
The DNA structure resembles what object?
Twisted ladder
What type of bonds connect the nitrogen bases in DNA?
Weak hydrogen bonds
What is the function of genes in DNA?
Genes contain instructions to code for proteins and are located at certain points on a chromosome
What is the structure of RNA in terms of nucleotides and bases?
Single strand of nucleotides with exposed bases
What is the significance of DNA Replication during the S Phase of Interphase?
Ensures identical DNA in new cells
What forms a complementary strand to the original DNA during replication?
Forms a “complementary” strand to the original strand
The blueprint for making proteins is provided by which macromolecule in cells?
DNA
The base unique to RNA is?
Uracil
