Computers: Unit 17: Hardware

Question 1

What is Von- Neumann architecture?

Answer 1

It is a computer design in which the program is stored in memory with the data

Question 2

Who and when was it created?

Answer 2

• Alan Turing, and John Von Neumann during the 1930s and 1940s.

Question 3

What is cpu?

Answer 3

Hardware device that carries out the processing in a computer

Question 4

What is main memory / random access memory?

Answer 4

A temporary store for data and instructions (programs).

Question 5

What is fetch- decode-execute cycle?

Answer 5

Sequence of steps carried out repeatedly by a CPU.

Question 6

What is writing?

Answer 6

When the CPU se data to memory to be stored at a given address.

Question 7

What is reading?

Answer 7

When the CPU retrieve retrieve data store at a given address.

Question 8

What is memory address?

Answer 8

Number that uniquely identifies a (memory) storage location.

Question 9

What is volatile?

Answer 9

Memory that is erased when the power is turned off.

Question 10

What is non- volatile?

Answer 10

Memory that is not lost when the power is turned off.

Question 11

What is read-only memory?

Answer 11

Memory that cannot be altered and is not lost when the power is turned off.

Question 12

What is cache memory?

Answer 12

Memory used to make up for difference in speed between two internal components.

Question 13

What is cache miss?

Answer 13

When the date are requested for processing bio component for application is not found in the cache memory.

Question 14

What is microprocessor?

Answer 14

The central unit that executes and manages the instructions passed to it.

Question 15

What is firmware?

Answer 15

• Programs permanently stored in ROM

Question 16

What are the 2 firmware?

Answer 16

-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
-BIOS ( Basic Input Output system)

Question 17

What is virtual memory?

Answer 17

• virtual memory is “pretend memory” stored in the hard disk drive when RAM becomes full.

Question 18

What is disk thrashing?

Answer 18

Very high rate of hard disk access.

Question 19

What is bus width?

Answer 19

The number of wires that make up a bus. This determines the range of binary numbers that can be communicated

Question 20

What is arithmetic/logic unit?

Answer 20

The part of the CPU that performs calculations and logic operations.

Question 21

What is register?

Answer 21

Storage location inside the CPU used to hold an instruction an address or the single item of data.

Question 22

What is control unit?

Answer 22

The part of the CPU that organises the actions of the other parts of the CPU.

Question 23

What is clock?

Answer 23

An electronic device inside CPU that TICKSAT REGULAR INTERVALS and is used to synchronise the actions of the other parts of the CPU

Question 24

What is GHz?

Answer 24

It is the measure of frequency equivalent to thousand million cycles per second.

Question 25

What are the 4 registers?

Answer 25

- Accumulator. - Program Counter. - Current Instruction. - Memory address register.

Question 26

Describe the process of Fetch- Decode- Execute?

Question 27

What is R0M?

Answer 27

Memory that cannot be altered not lost when the power is turned off.

Question 28

What is the benefit of a fast clock speed?

Answer 28

Instructions are processed faster

Question 29

What are the 3 disadvantages of clock speed?

Answer 29

-The rate at which transistors operate limited. - the processor might heat up. - lock speed of 9 Ghz required cooling by liquid nitrogen.

Question 30

What is a multicore processor?

Answer 30

Processor with many processor cores.

Question 31

What is dual core processor?

Answer 31

A processor with two processor cores.

Question 32

What is the single core processor?

Answer 32

A processor with only one processor cores.

Question 33

What are bottle necks?

Answer 33

They are occur when one component cannot work as fast as other components and slow down the process

Question 34

What are the two advantages of a multi core processor?

Answer 34

Together on the same program (this is called parallel processing)

Question 35

How a bottle necks caused?

Answer 35

In the fetch execute cycle this bottle neck is caused by the main memory that is used to store instructions and data.

Question 36

What is cache?

Answer 36

A temporary data store so that the data can be accessed very quickly when needed.

Question 37

What is static RAM

Answer 37

memory that retains data in bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied and does not have to be refreshed

Question 38

What is secondary storage

Answer 38

Any kind of permanent storage to which contents of rom/ram are copied.

Question 39

What are the three types of secondary storage

Answer 39

1. Magnetic storage 2. Optical storage 3. Solid state storage

Question 40

What is Magnetic storage? Give examples of where Magnetic storage is used?

Answer 40

- It is this is a secondary storage which records data by magnetising the surface of a disk. The magnetic coating surface contains North representing (1)and South representing (0). Eg : -hard disk Magnetic tape

Question 41

What is optical storage ?give examples of where is used.(3)

Answer 41

Optical storage drives work by shining a laser at the media and processing the reflection from the media to read and write data. The surface of the disk stand by the laser creating pits and lands. Eg: CD-R , RW, DVD-R, Blu- Ray.

Question 42

What is solid state storage? give examples of how it is used.(2)

Answer 42

Solid state drive is work by a flow of electricity forcing electrons into floating is between two oxide layers.

Question 43

What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Magnetic storage?

Answer 43

AD: - Cheap - Large capacity. DIS: - Slow access times/data. - Prove to scratches.

Question 44

What are the 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Optical storage?

Answer 44

AD: - Cheap. - Lightweight. - Portable. DIS: - Slow access times/ data. - Prone to scratches.

Question 45

What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Solid-state storage?

Answer 45

AD: - Durable. - Fast access times. DIS: - Cost - Limited read/writes

Question 46

What are the 3 main advantages of Solid state devices compared to others?

Answer 46

- No moving parts, very reliable. - No noise, lower power. - No need to be defragmented.

Question 47

What is cloud storage?

Answer 47

The secondary storage often belonging to a third party that is exist via a network, usually the internet and so is not in the same physical place as the Machines Ram ROM.file stored in a cloud can be access from anywhere via the internet

Question 48

Give two examples of cloud storage?

Answer 48

-google drive. - dropbox.

Question 49

What is internet of things(IoT)

Answer 49

The internet connection of digital devices embedded in every day objects.

Question 50

What is virtualization?

Answer 50

Any process that he is the true physical nature of a computer resource making it look different usually to simplify the way it is accessed.

Question 51

What are the 3 features of embedded systems?

Answer 51

- lower power consumption. - CPU's with integrated memory. - ordinary micro processor.

Question 52

What are the four advantages of cloud storage?

Answer 52

-Can access from any device. - Allow you to easily collaborate on file. - don't need to transfer your data. - provides a backup for files.

Question 53

What are the three disadvantages of cloud storage?

Answer 53

- need an active internet connection to gain access to your files. - can be costly. - security is a problem.