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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 101 > COMPUTER ORGANIZATION > Flashcards

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Hardware can be categorized as:

A

input and output devices external and internal memory and the CPU

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2
Q

MOTHERBOARD

Def

A

A circuit board inside the microcomputers plastic case which serves as single platform to connect all parts of the computer together

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3
Q

MOTHERBOARD

Components

A

CPU chip, Memory chip(ROM and RAM), I/O interface, Expansion slots, Other logic circuits

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4
Q

MOTHERBOARD

what is an expansion slot?

A

Connectors on the motherboard where expansion cards like display card can be connected

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5
Q

MOTHERBOARD

2 types of cooling systems

A
  1. Active- require power eg case fan

2. Passive- no power eg reducing operating speed of a certain component

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6
Q

MOTHERBOARD

What is CMOS?

A

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor battery

Stores setting configurations( eg for date and time in BIOS setting)

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7
Q

POWER SUPPLY

Function?

A

Converts AC from outlet into DC

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8
Q

POWER SUPPLY

UPS Function?

A

Uninterrupted Power Supply keeps Computer running for a few minutes after power goes out

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9
Q

POWER SUPPLY

Cooling System?

A

Has a fan that pulls out hot air and also circulates air throughout the entire system

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10
Q

CARDS

def?

A

Expansion device that provides certain added capabilities

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11
Q

CARDS

Eg?

A
  1. Video/Display-text and graphic images. Provides an interface between the system unit and the display monitor
  2. Sound Card- determines sound. Computer should have quality speakers and a subwoofer to support a sound card
  3. I/O Card-mouse and printer
  4. Controller card-connects cables of hard disks and floppy disks
  5. Network Interface Card(NIC)-enables computer to be connected to a network; get wireless conductivity or increase bandwidth
  6. Graphic card- to support intensive graphics
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12
Q

PORTS

Def?

A

Components used as pathways for flow of data

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13
Q

PORTS

eg?

A
  1. Serial-mouse modem scanner
  2. Parallel-printer
  3. Video-Monitor
  4. Game-joystick
  5. Video Graphics Adapter(VGA)-older type used for display
  6. Audio-pink;Mic-green;speakers-blue;line input
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14
Q

CPU

function?

A

Accepts instructions and data and executes them storing the result in the memory

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15
Q

CPU

Metric?

A

Gigahertz(GHz)-Billion instructions/sec

Megahertz(MHz)-Million instructions/sec

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16
Q

CPU

Components?

A
  1. ALU
  2. Control Unit
  3. Registers
17
Q

CPU

What is the function of ALU?

A
  1. (*,-,/,+)

2. Logical comparisons eg of conditions:=>,== etc

18
Q

CPU

Function of Control Unit?

A
  1. Directing and coordinating all operation called for by a program
  2. Activates the appropriate circuits necessary for inputs and outputs
  3. Causes the entire system to be automatic
  4. Controls transfer of data and instructions among other units of the computer
19
Q

CPU

Outline the Machine Cycle for the Control Unit

A
  1. Fetch the instruction
  2. Decode the instruction
  3. Execute the instruction
  4. Store the results
20
Q

CPU

Def and types of registers?

A

special, high purpose holding areas for both data and instructions
types- instructions registers
data registers-both data and results

21
Q

Why do new computers produce more heat?

A

faster

22
Q

Why do newer computers require more ventilation?

A

They compute more and produce more heat

23
Q

Dangers of overheating in computers?

A

Reduces Battery life
Damages internal components especially the CPU
Can cause circuits and components to
become unstable

24
Q

Explain the use of

aluminum and the thermal paste in the cooling structure

A

Thermal compound is used to maximize the contact surface area by filling in the microscopic gaps. Thermal compound acts as a cooling agent

25
Q

Discuss any three

ways in which you would protect the computers from data loss.

A
  1. Backup your files
  2. Store in the cloud
  3. Use an external hard drive
  4. Address data security

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 101 (24 decks)

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