Computer Concepts

Question 1

Computer basic units

Answer 1

Input Devices
Output Devices
Main Memory
Secondary Memory
Central Processing Unit

Question 2

Input Devices

Answer 2

Data Given for input into a computer. Such as mouse keyboard

Question 3

Out Devices

Answer 3

External Devices to give output to the user. For example monitor printer etc

Question 4

Main Memory

Answer 4

Is some time called volatile because it looses its information when power is removed.
Type RAM & ROM

Question 5

RAM

Answer 5

Random Access Memory is the place in a computer where the operation system, application programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the computer processors.

Question 6

ROM

Answer 6

Read Only memory is a special type of memory which can only be read and contents of which are not lost even when the computer is switched off. This is where the boot loader is stored.

Question 7

Secondary memory:

Answer 7

is usually nonvolatile because it retains its information when power is removed. This would be slow memory access. There are two types of storage devices magnetic and
Magnetic examples are hard drives.

Optical examples are CD,DVD, Zip dives optical. 

Question 8

CPU

Answer 8

Takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given. CPU has 2 component Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) and control Unit (CU)

Question 9

ALU

Answer 9

All calculations and comparisons, based on the instructions provided, are carried out within the ALU. It performs arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and also logical operations like greater than, less than, and equal to etc.

Question 10

CU

Answer 10

Control unit Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by the CU. It takes care of the step by step processing of all operations inside the computer.

Question 11

Endianness

Answer 11

refers to the order of bytes within a binary representation of a number.

Question 12

Little Endian:

Answer 12

Ordering places the least significant byte first in the memory address. Most processing architectures use little Endian

The first digit goes in the highest address

Question 13

Big Endian

Answer 13

Ordering places the most significant byte first. Most protocols use big endian.

the first digit goes in the lowest address

Question 14

Mix Endian or Middle Endian

Answer 14

Endian- Are non standard ways of storing bytes. They tend to be in the middle of the sequence.

Question 15

RISC(Reduced instruction set computer)

Also provide samples.

Answer 15

Instruction set allows it to have few cycles per instructions.

Example MIPS, ARM,AVR, POWER PC

Question 16

CISC

Also provide samples.

Answer 16

Complex instruction set computer): is a single instructions can execute several low-level operations such as load from memory, an arithmetic operation and memory store.

Example x86, AMD, AI-32, x86.64

Question 17

VLIW

Answer 17

(Very Long instruction word): VLIW processor allows programs to explicitly specify instruction to execute in parallel.