CompTIA IT Fundamentals (FCO-U61) #4

Question 1

John is setting up a new computer system at his home office. He wants to connect his computer to the internet and use a wired network connection for stability and speed. Which of the following network connections is most suitable for this situation? (Select TWO).

Answer 1

1.Cable
2.DSL

Overall explanation
Cable connections utilize coaxial cables, typically provided by cable service providers. They offer high-speed internet access and are commonly used for home internet connections. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) uses telephone lines to transmit digital data. It provides internet connectivity through existing telephone infrastructure and offers reliable speeds for residential and small business users. Near Field Communication (NFC) is designed for short-range data transfer, and would not be suitable for this scenario. Wireless connections, such as Wi-Fi, utilize radio waves to transmit data over the air. They offer convenient and flexible connectivity, allowing devices to connect to the internet without the need for physical cables. This is a wireless option and not a wired one.

Question 2

What is the purpose of replicating data between servers and potentially between sites?

Answer 2

To ensure service continuity and data availability in case of a disruption

Overall explanation
Data replication, whether real-time or periodic, ensures that an up-to-date copy of data is available at all times, allowing for service continuity and data availability in case of a disruption. Data replication doesn’t reduce network traffic. In fact, it might increase network traffic due to the continuous or periodic syncing of data. Replication does not increase data storage capacity. It creates copies of data across servers or sites for redundancy purposes. Replication does not directly enhance network speed. It is primarily aimed at ensuring data availability and service continuity.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an IP-based peripheral device?

Answer 3

Network Printer

Overall explanation
A network printer is an example of an IP-based peripheral. It connects to a network, has its own IP address, and can be accessed by multiple devices on the same network. An HDMI monitor is a display device that connects to a computer via an HDMI cable. It is not an IP-based peripheral. A Bluetooth mouse connects to a computer wirelessly via Bluetooth technology. It is not an IP-based peripheral. A USB flash drive is a storage device that connects to a computer typically via a USB port. It is not an IP-based peripheral.

Question 4

Which of the following is the largest unit of data storage?

Answer 4

Petabyte (PB)

Overall explanation
A petabyte is a larger unit of data storage, equivalent to 1,000 terabytes. A kilobyte is the smallest of the available options. A gigabyte is not the largest of the available options. A megabyte is not the largest of the available options.

Question 5

How important is sequencing when developing pseudocode?

Answer 5

Sequencing is key as it provides a step-by-step layout of the program

Overall explanation
Sequencing outlines the exact sequence of operations to achieve a task or solve a problem within a program, making it crucial for pseudocode Sequencing is a crucial aspect of pseudocode because it provides a clear step-by-step plan for the program’s execution Sequencing enhances readability and understanding of the program’s flow, making it advantageous for pseudocode Sequencing denotes the order in which steps or operations occur, which is crucial to pseudocode

Question 6

How can data in transit be secured using a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

Answer 6

By encrypting the network traffic between two locations

Overall explanation
When using a Virtual Private Network (VPN), the network traffic between two locations is encrypted, ensuring that the data in transit remains secure and protected from unauthorized access. While email encryption is a valid method to secure email messages, it does not specifically pertain to securing data in transit using a VPN. Encrypting files and folders on a computer is a form of data at rest encryption, which focuses on protecting data stored on a device rather than data during transmission. Encrypting data stored on a mobile device is another form of data at rest encryption and does not specifically address securing data during transmission.

Question 7

What is the final step in the troubleshooting methodology?

Answer 7

Document findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes

Overall explanation
The final step in the troubleshooting methodology is to document the findings, lessons learned, actions taken, and outcomes of the troubleshooting process. Establishing a plan of action is a step in the troubleshooting methodology, but it comes before implementing the solution and verifying full system functionality, not at the end. Testing the theory to determine the cause is a part of the troubleshooting methodology, but it is not the final step. Implementing the solution is a step in the troubleshooting methodology, but it is not the final step.

Question 8

Which of the following specifically refers to a physical component failure that can impact the availability of information systems?

Answer 8

Hardware failure

Overall explanation
Hardware failure refers to the failure or malfunction of physical components within information systems. This includes components like hard drives, memory modules, processors, or network devices. Hardware failures can disrupt the normal operation of systems, leading to unavailability and potential data loss. A service outage refers to the unavailability or disruption of a specific service. While it can be caused by various factors, including hardware failures, it is not specific to physical component failures alone. Service outages can also be caused by software issues, network problems, or configuration errors. Denial of service (DoS) attacks are not related to physical component failures. They involve overwhelming a system or network with excessive traffic or requests, resulting in the unavailability of services. DoS attacks are typically caused by malicious actions rather than physical failures. While a power outage can impact the availability of information systems, it is not specifically related to physical component failures. Power outages occur due to various factors, such as infrastructure issues or severe weather conditions, and affect the electrical power supply rather than the physical components of the systems.

Question 8

Which of these storage types allow remote access to stored files via a network connection?

Answer 8

NAS

Overall explanation
A Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a dedicated file storage that allows multiple users and various client devices to retrieve data from a centralized disk capacity, thus it is designed to provide remote access to stored files over a network. A Solid State Drive is a type of storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data but it doesn’t inherently provide remote access capabilities. Random Access Memory is a type of volatile memory used by systems to store data for immediate access and doesn’t provide remote file access capabilities. Hard drives can store a large amount of data but without appropriate software or hardware, such as in a file server or NAS, they don’t inherently offer remote access.

Question 9

Lisa works as an administrative assistant at a busy office. Her daily tasks include preparing reports, memos, and other important documents for distribution to colleagues and clients. Which of the following devices can Lisa use for printing physical documents?

Answer 9

Printer

Overall explanation
A printer is a device that is primarily used for printing physical documents. It accepts electronic data from a computer and produces a hard copy of that data on paper or other printable material. A scanner is a device used for converting physical documents or images into digital format. It captures the content of a document or image and creates a digital representation that can be stored, edited, or transmitted electronically. Scanners are not primarily used for printing physical documents. A mouse is an input device used to control the movement of a cursor or pointer on a computer screen. It allows users to interact with graphical user interfaces and perform various actions such as selecting, clicking, and dragging. Similar to the keyboard, a mouse is not primarily used for printing physical documents. A keyboard is an input device used for entering data and commands into a computer. It consists of a set of keys that correspond to letters, numbers, symbols, and various control functions. While a keyboard is an essential part of the input process, it is not primarily used for printing physical documents.

Question 10

What is the primary difference between a procedure and a function in programming?

Answer 10

A function returns a value, while a procedure performs actions but does not return a value

Overall explanation
The primary distinguishing factor between a function and a procedure is that a function returns a value and a procedure does not. Procedures and functions can be written in both high-level and low-level languages. Both functions and procedures have to be called in order to be executed. Neither executes automatically when a program starts. Both procedures and functions can accept arguments.

Question 11

When working with databases, which definition BEST describes a table?

Answer 11

The structure consisting of rows and columns that holds data

Overall explanation
In a relational database, a table is a structure that consists of rows and columns. Each row represents a unique record, and each column represents a specific field or attribute of the data. While rows are indeed a part of a table, they represent individual records or entries, not the table itself. The software used to manage the database is known as a database management system (DBMS), not a table. While security is an important aspect of databases, it is not what the term ‘table’ refers to. A table is a structure to hold data.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT primarily used as a storage device in a computer system?

Answer 12

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Overall explanation
A GPU is primarily used in a computer system to render images, video, and animations. It’s a processing unit, not a storage device, and while it does have its own memory, that memory is used to hold processed graphic data for output, not for long-term storage of data. A USB flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It’s easily removable and typically used to transfer data between computers. An SSD is a storage device that uses non-volatile “flash” memory to store data. SSDs are faster and more durable than hard disk drives but serve the same primary function: storage. A HDD is a storage device used in computers to store data long term. It can hold and retrieve large volumes of data, making it a primary storage device.

Question 13

What should individuals consider regarding expectations of privacy when using social networking sites?

Answer 13

Ensuring privacy settings are configured appropriately

Overall explanation
It is essential to review and configure privacy settings on social networking sites to control who can access personal information. By adjusting privacy settings, individuals can limit the visibility of their posts, personal details, and other sensitive information, helping to protect their privacy and control the audience for their content. Sharing confidential information through instant messaging on social networking sites is highly risky and can lead to data breaches. Confidential information should be shared through secure channels, such as encrypted communication platforms or trusted business communication tools, to ensure its confidentiality and protect against unauthorized access. Individuals should exercise caution when sharing personal information on social networking sites, especially with unknown individuals. Sharing personal details publicly can lead to privacy breaches and potentially compromise personal safety and security. It is important to be mindful of the information shared and restrict it to trusted connections. Posting sensitive customer information publicly on social networking sites is a violation of privacy and confidentiality. Individuals should never disclose customer information without proper authorization or in a manner that compromises privacy regulations or agreements.

Question 13

Which of the following are considered safe browsing practices to protect against online threats? (Select TWO).

Answer 13

Avoiding clicking on suspicious or unfamiliar links

Regularly updating web browsers and using strong, unique passwords.
Overall explanation
Regularly updating web browsers ensures that security patches and enhancements are applied, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities. Using strong, unique passwords for online accounts helps protect against unauthorized access. Both practices contribute to a safer browsing experience and are considered safe browsing practices. Clicking on suspicious or unfamiliar links can lead to phishing websites or malicious content. It is important to exercise caution and avoid clicking on such links to maintain a safe browsing experience. Sharing personal information on unsecured websites increases the risk of data breaches and identity theft. It is important to only provide personal information on secure websites that use encryption. Downloading files from untrusted websites without scanning them increases the risk of downloading malware or viruses. It is crucial to download files only from trusted sources and scan them with antivirus software before opening or executing them. Clicking on pop-up advertisements is risky, as they may contain malicious content or lead to phishing websites. It is important to avoid clicking on such ads to maintain a safe browsing experience. Disabling security software exposes the system to various online threats. It is not a safe browsing practice and compromises the security of the system.

Question 14

John is tasked with retrieving data from a company’s database. He needs to use a command that is a part of a query language. Which of the following commands would be used in a query language like SQL?

Answer 14

SELECT * FROM data_table

Overall explanation
SELECT * FROM data_table is a SQL command which retrieves (selects) all data from the “data_table”. SQL (Structured Query Language) is a query language used for interacting with data in relational databases. print(‘data’) is used in Python to print the string “data” to the console. Python is an interpreted language known for its simplicity and versatility. It is not a query language, even though libraries like psycopg2 allow Python scripts to interact with SQL databases. console.log(“data”) is used in JavaScript to print the string “data” to the console. JavaScript is primarily an interpreted language used for adding dynamic functionality to websites. It is not a query language and thus doesn’t handle database interactions like SQL does. <h1>data</h1> is a command (actually, a tag) in HTML used to define header text on a webpage. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to structure web pages, and it isn’t used for database interactions like a query language is.

Question 15

John, an IT administrator at Dion Training, is responsible for implementing security measures to protect the company’s network and sensitive data. Which of the following control models should John consider MOST to follow the principle of least privilege which only gives users permissions required for their tasks?

Answer 15

Role-based access control (RBAC)

Overall explanation
Role-based access control assigns permissions and access levels based on the roles employees have in the organization. It allows administrators to group users with similar responsibilities and assign them the same set of privileges. This model reduces the risk of over-privileging, as users are granted access based on their job requirements. Rule-based access control enforces access control policies based on a set of predefined rules. These rules determine whether access should be allowed or denied based on specific conditions. While this model can be effective, it might not provide the granularity needed to ensure the least privilege for each user. Mandatory access control is a strict model where access decisions are based on security labels and predefined rules set by the system administrator. This model is commonly used in high-security environments, such as military or government organizations, but may not be suitable for Dion Training’s everyday operations. Discretionary access control allows the owner of a resource to decide who can access that resource and what level of access they have. It provides flexibility, but it may lead to over-privileging or unauthorized access if not carefully managed

Question 15

Which of the following features in a file system prevents loss of data during power failure?

Answer 15

Journaling

Overall explanation
Journaling in a file system helps prevent data loss during unexpected system shutdowns by keeping a ‘journal’ of changes not yet committed to the main file system. Compression is a feature that reduces the size of files and folders but doesn’t prevent data loss during power failure. Naming rules define how files and folders should be named. They don’t play a role in preventing data loss during power failure. Encryption is used for protecting data from unauthorized access, not for preventing data loss during power loss.

Question 16

In a software installation process, why might consulting advanced options be a recommended practice?

Answer 16

It allows customization of installation

Overall explanation
Examining advanced options during software installation offers you a chance to customize the installation towards your own requirements, which differentiates it from other methods. Advanced options in software installation do not handle acceptance of terms and conditions. This is usually a distinct step of the installation process. Providing product keys is not typically part of advanced installation options in software installation. It is usually a separate part of the process. While single-user installations are a licensing concept, they are not directly tied to advanced options during software installation.

Question 17

Which of the following is the MOST effective method for validating the legitimacy of an online source?

Answer 17

Assessing the source’s reputation and credibility

Overall explanation
Validating the legitimacy of an online source involves assessing its reputation and credibility. This includes checking for author credentials, verifying the source’s track record, and assessing its reputation among experts in the field. Trusted sources often have a history of providing accurate and reliable information. While grammatical errors may raise some suspicion about the quality of the content, they do not directly determine the legitimacy of the source. Even legitimate sources may contain occasional errors, and relying solely on grammatical errors is not a reliable method for validating the credibility of an online source. The design and aesthetics of a website do not necessarily indicate the legitimacy of the source. Fraudulent websites can be designed to look professional and visually appealing, so relying solely on design is not a reliable method for validation Social media popularity is not a definitive indicator of a source’s legitimacy. It is possible for fake or unreliable sources to gain popularity on social media platforms. The number of followers or likes does not guarantee the accuracy or credibility of the information provided.

Question 18

Sarah, an experienced software developer, utilizes various elements to streamline her code. Among these elements, she frequently uses constants while writing applications. What essential purpose does a constant serve in a program?

Answer 18

It holds a value that remains unchanged throughout the program’s execution

Overall explanation
The primary purpose of a constant in a program is to hold a value that remains unchanged throughout the runtime of the program. This is particularly useful when you have a specific value that repeats throughout the program and needs to remain the same. Negating a binary value is not related to the function of a constant. Constants are used to store values that should remain unchanged throughout a program, regardless of their data type. While storing input data is possible in a constant, it’s not its main purpose. Input data can vary, whereas a constant’s value remains the same throughout the execution cycle. A constant does not change its value during code execution. Instead, the value of a constant remains unchanged until the end of the program.

Question 19

Tom, an IT support staff, is addressing a sudden issue with a previously functioning printer in the office. What’s the importance of Tom asking users if anything has changed recently with the printer or related systems?

Answer 19

Recent changes can often cause new issues, so recognizing them helps diagnose the problem quicker

Overall explanation
Understanding if any changes were made recently can guide the troubleshooting process, as new issues often arise as a result of recent changes. Asking about recent changes is a key part of troubleshooting, not a way to avoid hands-on work. While understanding recent changes can help point to possible causes, it’s unlikely to bypass the need for further investigation. Although user involvement can improve their cooperation, the primary goal of asking this question is to uncover potential causes of the issue.

Question 20

Which of the following statements BEST describes the main purpose of a method within an object in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Answer 20

To provide a means to interact with and manipulate an object’s data

Overall explanation
Methods encapsulated within an object provide a way to interact with and modify an object’s data (its state), while preserving integrity and allowing for ease of maintenance, a key principle of OOP. While standalone functions can be part of a programming language, they are not specifically associated with an object. While a method can affect a user interface indirectly, this is not its main purpose. Its primary role is to manipulate an object’s data safely. Methods should not manipulate an object in ways that ignore encapsulation principles

Question 20

When it comes to software licensing, which license type allows for unlimited users as long as the total number of users does not exceed the agreed limit at once?

Answer 20

Concurrent license

Overall explanation
Concurrent licenses are designed to allow an agreed maximum number of users to use the software simultaneously. They are not based on the total number of users, rather on the maximum number of simultaneous users. A site license allows the software to be used by all users within one organization or physical location. It does not limit the number of simultaneous users but has geographical or organizational restrictions. A non-transferable license cannot be given to another user or installed on multiple devices by the same user. It cannot allow for multiple simultaneous usage. A single-use license is restricted to one user or computer. It does not provide for multiple users simultaneously.

Question 21

Which of the following BEST describes semi-structured data?

Answer 21

Semi-structured data has some organized elements but doesn’t strictly adhere to a tabular format

Overall explanation
Semi-structured data is a mix of raw data and structured data. It possesses some organizational properties that make it easier to process but doesn’t strictly adhere to a rigid tabular format like structured data. While semi-structured data often doesn’t adhere to a strict tabular format, it isn’t always in a non-tabular format. Structured data is organized and can easily be processed and analyzed. While semi-structured data has some structure, it doesn’t always fall into a tabular format. Unstructured data lacks a defined structure, unlike semi-structured data that has some organizational elements that define relationships among data entities.

Question 22

Which statement describes the network communication’s process of packet transmission?

Answer 22

Sender breaks the communication data into several small pieces, packets, before sending it to the receiver

Overall explanation
The process of packet transmission involves breaking data down into small, manageable packets before they’re sent. Network communication doesn’t involve sending the entire content data at once. One large file would choke up the network and cause delays. While encrypting data can be an aspect of secure communication, it is not a fundamental part of the packet transmission process. In an ideal condition, packet transmission does not happen sequentially only, packets can take different paths from source to destination.

Question 22

Which of the following devices converts data from a digital format, suitable for a computer, to a format suitable for transmission over a standard phone line?

Answer 22

Modem

Overall explanation
A modem (Modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates the signal to decode the transmitted information. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol for sending email messages between servers. It’s not a device therefore it can’t convert data formats. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is a protocol for secure communication over a computer network, not a device that modifies data formats. A router connects multiple networks and forwards packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. It doesn’t convert digital data for transmission over phone lines.

Question 23

Michael, an IT Manager at Dion Training, wants to limit the maximum size of files that can be created on a backup server. Which file system limitation should he consider when formatting the backup server’s drive?

Answer 23

Maximum file size limit

Overall explanation
Different file systems have different maximum file size limits and it is this feature that would allow Michael to control the largest file that can be saved to the backup server. Journaling is a feature that helps protect the file system integrity but does not limit the size of the files that can be created. The filename length limit determines the maximum length of filenames, it does not control the size of the file itself. Encryption limits refer to the capabilities of a file system’s encryption feature, but don’t directly limit the size of files.

Question 23

Which of the following notational systems utilizes a base of 16, employs digits 0-9 and letters A-F, and is often employed in programming and digital communication to represent binary values in a more compact form?

Answer 23

Hexadecimal

Overall explanation
Hexadecimal is a base-16 numbering system that uses digits from 0-9 and letters A-F to represent values. It is often used in programming and digital communication as a compact form to represent binary values. Binary utilizes a base of 2 and employs only two base digits (0 and 1). While it represents the fundamental building blocks of digital computers, it does not represent values in a compact form like hexadecimal. Decimal is the standard base-10 numbering system that uses digits from 0-9. While it is commonly used in everyday life and mathematics, it does not provide a compact representation of binary values that hexadecimal does. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character encoding standard that represents text in computers, communication, and other devices. It is not a numbering system, and therefore does not fit the criteria of the question.

Question 24

Which of the following fundamental data types is specifically used to represent whole numbers without any decimal or fractional parts in a programming context?

Answer 24

Integer

Overall explanation
Integers represent whole numbers without any decimal or fractional parts. It is designed specifically for this purpose and accommodates a wide range of positive and negative numbers, including zero. Booleans represent truth values, typically true or false, in programming. They are not used for representing whole numbers or any other numeric values. Char represents individual characters, including letters, digits, or special symbols, in a programming context. It is not designed to represent whole numbers without decimal or fractional parts. Floats or Floating-point numbers represents real numbers with decimal or fractional parts in programming. Though it can represent whole numbers, its primary purpose is to handle numbers with decimal points, making it less suitable for the given criteria.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a protocol used for sending email?

Answer 25

HTTP/S

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, and HTTPS is a secure variant of it. They are used for transmitting hypertext over the internet, commonly associated with web browsers and not used for sending emails. POP (Post Office Protocol) is a protocol used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a protocol used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for sending e-mails over the internet.

Question 26

When populating a database, what does import/input refer to?

Answer 26

Adding data records to the database manually or by importing from another source

Overall explanation
Import/input refers to the process of populating the database with data records. This can be done manually, often through a form, or by importing data from another source such as a file or another database. While data can be transferred between servers, import/input specifically refers to the process of adding data to the database. Import/input refers to adding data to the database, not removing it. Querying refers to extracting specific information from the database, not adding data to it.

Question 26

Alejandro is a database administrator for an e-commerce company. A customer has just requested that their account and all related personal data be permanently deleted from the company’s database. Which SQL command should Alejandro use to remove this customer’s information from the company’s database?

Answer 26

DELETE

Overall explanation
Alejandro should use the DELETE command. This command is used to remove existing records from a database. With the DELETE command, he can remove the specific customer’s information from the company’s database. The INSERT command is used to add new records into a database, not for deleting records. The UPDATE command is used for modifying existing records in a database, not for deleting records. The SELECT command is used to retrieve data from a database, not for deleting records.

Question 27

Chloe, a team lead at Dion Training, needs to edit a document collaboratively with her remote team in real-time. Which software should she use?

Answer 27

Online workspace

Overall explanation
Online workspaces provide features for real-time collaboration and document editing, which is what is appropriate in this situation. While a web browser provides access to internet, it doesn’t inherently allow collaborative editing of documents. Database software is used for storing, managing, and retrieving information, not for real-time collaboration. Spreadsheet software is typically used for data organization and calculation, not real-time collaborative document editing.

Question 27

An Internet service provider (ISP) advertises a “Gigabit Internet package” which offers a connection speed of 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps). This does not mean that you can download files at a speed of 1 Gigabyte per second (Gbps). Why?

Answer 27

1 Gigabit equals 1/8th of a Gigabyte
Overall explanation
Gigabit and Gigabyte are different units. 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps), which is a measurement of speed used by internet service providers, equals 1/8th or 0.125 Gigabytes per second (GBps). So, if the ISP promises 1 Gbps, you should divide by 8 to get the actual download speed in GBps. A Gigabit is smaller than a Gigabyte. To be precise, 1 Gigabyte equals 8 Gigabits. While ISPs do market their services to appeal to customers, the distinction between Gigabits and Gigabytes is a legitimate and consistent measure in the IT industry. The size of a file doesn’t change based on your hard drive’s filesystem. Gigabits and Gigabytes refer to units of digital information transfer and storage, each with their own sizes and purposes.

Question 28

Which factor is important in both subscription and one-time purchase software licenses?

Answer 28

Need for product keys and serial numbers

Overall explanation
Regardless of whether the software is licensed through a subscription or a one-time purchase, a product key or serial number is typically needed for activating and validating the software. Continuous updates are generally a feature of subscription licenses, while one-time purchase licenses might not have continuous updates. Ongoing costs aren’t a common factor in both as one time purchase software licenses do not usually incur ongoing costs as subscription software licenses do. Source code accessibility is dependent on whether the software is open-source or proprietary, not on whether it is obtained via subscription or one-time purchase.

Question 28

Which of the following issues is considered an integrity concern?

Answer 28

Impersonation

Overall explanation
Impersonation is an integrity concern. It involves the act of pretending to be someone else or assuming another person’s identity. Impersonation can lead to unauthorized modifications or alterations of data, which directly impacts data integrity. A power outage refers to a loss of electrical power supply. While power outages can impact the availability of systems and data, they do not directly relate to integrity concerns. Power outages affect the accessibility or availability of data rather than its integrity. A service outage refers to the unavailability or disruption of a particular service or system. Similar to a power outage, a service outage affects the availability or accessibility of data rather than its integrity. Wiretapping is not directly related to integrity concerns. Wiretapping involves the unauthorized interception and monitoring of communication, which is more aligned with confidentiality concerns rather than integrity. It focuses on the unauthorized access to communication data rather than the alteration or modification of data.

Question 29

John recently purchased a new monitor for his computer. He wants to connect it to his computer to enjoy high-quality visuals. However, he is unsure which connector he should use to establish the connection. The monitor has multiple input options available. What is the most efficient and reliable method to determine the correct connector for his computer and monitor?

Answer 29

Look at the monitor’s input options and the available output options on his computer.
Overall explanation
Examining the available input options on the display and the computer will quickly allow John to determine the connector he can use. This approach helps ensure a compatible connection between the two devices. VGA connectors are commonly used for monitor connections. However, it may not be the correct connector for John’s specific computer and display. While seeking help is an option, it may not be the most reliable or efficient method. Referring to the computer’s user manual or manufacturer’s website for info on supported display connectors but won’t provide him with information about the specific display options on his monitor. It will also take more time than looking at the computer and monitor to see what options are available.

Question 29

What’s the difference between a LAN and a WAN?

Answer 29

A LAN connects devices in a single location, whereas a WAN connects devices from multiple locations

Overall explanation
Local Area Networks (LAN) connect devices over a relatively short distance like within a building, whereas Wide Area Networks (WAN) connect multiple LANs across broader geographical locations. Both LANs and WANs can use either wired or wireless connections. Both LANs and WANs use IP addresses for identifying devices on a network. MAC addresses are indeed used but not exclusively for WAN. LANs can connect to the internet usually via a router or modem, while WANs indeed connect devices to the Internet or other networks on a broader scale.

Question 30

Which of these refers to a network that extends over a large geographical area?

Answer 30

WAN

Overall explanation
A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that extends over a broad area, which can even span across cities, regions, or countries. DNS (Domain Name System) is the naming protocol for devices connected to the internet or a private network. It doesn’t pertain to the size or coverage area of a network. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. It has no connection to the geographical spread of a network. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a relatively small area, like a home, office, or a group of nearby buildings.

Question 31

Which of the following architectural models BEST utilizes multiple layers, such as presentation, application, and data layers, to divide responsibilities and allow for better flexibility and maintainability in a system?

Answer 31

n-tier

Overall explanation
The n-tier model separates an application’s components into multiple tiers, providing greater flexibility and maintainability since changes to one layer don’t necessarily impact the others. While the three-tier model does separate items into different layers, the n-tier model is more flexible and maintainable due to the potential for a larger number of layers. The one-tier model does not provide the same level of flexibility and maintainability as the n-tier, as all components of the application - user interface, data processing, and data storage, are housed on one tier within the client’s machine. While the two-tier model does separate components into layers, it is not as flexible and maintainable compared to the n-tier model because it only has two layers.

Question 32

Which among the following units is commonly used to measure the processing speed of a computer?

Answer 32

Hertz (Hz)

Overall explanation
Hertz (Hz) is the unit of measurement used to measure processor or CPU speed. It refers to the number of clock cycle per second that the CPU can perform. The higher the Hz, the more operations the processor can perform per second, thus increasing its speed. Bits per second (bps) transmission speed is typically used in network environments. It measures the rate of data transfer, not storage capacity. Pixel is a unit of digital image measurement. It refers to a single point in a raster image, not a unit of processing speed. Gigabyte (GB) is a unit of digital information storage equal to approximately 1 billion bytes (or more precisely 1,073,741,824 bytes). It measures storage capacity, not processing speed.

Question 33

When should a programmer prefer using a vector over an array?

Answer 33

When the operations with the data require frequently changing the size of the data structure

Overall explanation
Vectors are preferred over arrays in cases where the size of the data structure will need to change frequently, as vectors are dynamic and can automatically handle resizing. When the size of the collection of data is known at the time of initialization and is not expected to change, one might prefer to use an array. Typically, languages that support vectors also have a range of built-in functions for manipulating the data within vectors. These functions can be an advantage of using vectors. While vectors do allow the same types of elements and can handle dynamic sizing, this statement is incorrect because it does not clearly justify when a vector would be preferred over an array.

Question 34

Which installation practice helps mitigates compatibility concerns?

Answer 34

Reading instructions

Overall explanation
Reading software installation instructions allows users to understand system requirements and check for possible compatibility issues, ensuring the software runs smoothly on their system. Advanced options during installation often address configuration and feature preferences, but these do not directly address system compatibility concerns. While installing on default settings can facilitate a smooth installation process, it does not specifically mitigate compatibility issues. Compatibility is more about whether the software can operate on the system, which is better ensured by reading the software’s instructions and system requirements prior to installation. Reading agreements is crucial for understanding rights and obligations of using the software, but doesn’t directly address compatibility concerns.

Question 35

Which of the following describes independent units of software that are responsible for one well-defined task within an operating system and run in the background, often without direct user interaction?

Answer 35

Services

Overall explanation
Services are independent units of software that perform specific tasks autonomously, usually without direct intervention from the user, in the background on an operating system. Utilities include a collection of tools used to manage, maintain, and control the operation of a computer system. They aren’t defined tasks running in the background of an operating system. Processes correspond to a running program and its allocated resources. A process does not necessarily need to run in the background without user interaction. Drivers are pieces of software that facilitate communication between an operating system and its hardware components. They don’t define tasks or run without direct user interaction.

Question 36

In the context of programming logic, why is understanding the sequence of instructions important?

Answer 36

It determines task execution order, vital for proper program function.

Overall explanation
Understanding the sequence is crucial because it dictates the order in which tasks or steps are executed. It allows programmers to control the flow of the program. Sequence in programming is important for functional reasons, not aesthetics. Good sequence understanding aids in code functionality and debuggability, not its marketability. While sorting can be a function within a program, understanding sequence is not primarily for sorting data alphabetically. It’s about the order of execution of instructions. The sequence is a basic construct within a program and doesn’t inherently ensure compatibility with other software or languages. It’s about controlling the internal flow of a specific program.

Question 37

What is a primary key in a database?

Answer 37

A key that uniquely identifies each record
Overall explanation
A primary key is a specific type of field or column in a database table that uniquely identifies each record in that table. The primary key must contain unique values, and it cannot contain NULL values. Its purpose is to ensure data integrity and facilitate efficient data retrieval. While primary keys can help in organizing data, their main purpose is to uniquely identify each record in a database table, not sorting data. While keys can establish relationships between tables, a primary key’s primary role is to uniquely identify records within a single database table, not to link multiple databases. While data security is crucial, a primary key’s main role is to uniquely identify records in a database, not to provide security.

Question 38

Which of the following devices is BEST designed for heavyweight computational tasks and often used by professionals in fields such as video editing, architecture, and software development?

Answer 38

Workstation

Overall explanation
A workstation is a powerful computing device designed for intense applications or professional software that require substantial computational power, such as CAD or video editing. It is used in fields where complex tasks like these need to be executed regularly. While mobile phones have become quite powerful in their own right, they are primarily designed for communication and portable entertainment. They do not have the same processing power as a workstation. Gaming consoles are designed to handle complex graphics and fast-paced action, specifically for video games. They are not typically used for professional applications. Tablets offer a larger screen and can handle more tasks than a mobile phone, but they are not built for heavyweight computing tasks. They are best suited for content consumption, light content creation, and casual gaming.

Question 39

Which of the following types of malware is designed to conceal itself within seemingly legitimate software or files and trick users into executing them, thereby gaining unauthorized access to their systems?

Answer 39

Trojans

Overall explanation
Trojans are a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate or harmless software or files to trick users into executing them. Once executed, Trojans can perform various malicious activities, such as stealing sensitive information, providing unauthorized access to the system, or initiating other malicious actions. Trojans specifically employ social engineering techniques to deceive users. Program viruses are a type of malware that infects executable files or programs. However, they do not typically attempt to trick users into executing them. Instead, they spread by infecting other files or programs when they are executed. Worms are self-replicating malware that can spread independently over computer networks. They do not require user interaction to propagate. While worms can cause harm by consuming network bandwidth or exploiting vulnerabilities, they are not primarily focused on tricking users into executing them. Macro viruses are malicious code that infects documents or files that support macros, such as Microsoft Office documents. They exploit the macro functionality to execute their malicious code. However, macro viruses are not specifically designed to trick users into executing them.

Question 40

Which one of the following is an application architecture model where the presentation layer, business logic, and data storage are all contained within the client’s machine?

Answer 40

One tier

Overall explanation
The one-tier architecture model involves all parts - user interface, data processing (business logic), and data storage, being managed within the client’s machine. In a two-tier architecture, the application is divided into two parts, typically a client and a server, hence it doesn’t fall into one tier model where all components are in one place. The three-tier model separates the application into three parts - the presentation layer, the application layer (business logic), and the data layer (data storage), usually hosted on different machines. The n-tier model separates an application’s components into multiple tiers, providing great flexibility but unlike the one-tier model, it does not encapsulate all functionalities within the client’s machine.

Question 40

Why would a programmer need to use looping constructs (such as “for,” “while,” “do-while”) in their code?

Answer 40

To repeat a block of code multiple times, either for a specified number of times or until a certain condition is met
Overall explanation
The primary purpose of loops in programming is to repeat a certain section of code either a specific number of times (“for” loop) or until a certain condition is met (“while” or “do-while” loops). This can significantly simplify code when repetition of tasks is needed. While using loops incorrectly can result in syntax errors or runtime issues, the purpose of a loop is not to check for syntax errors. Syntax errors need to be rectified using debugging tools or careful code review. Looping constructs, like “for”, “while”, or “do-while” loops, are control flow structures in programming that allow for repeated execution of code. They do not assist in changing code from one programming language to another. Branching in code is typically achieved using conditional statements like “if,” “else if,” “switch”, etc. Looping constructs are primarily used for repeating code, not for creating branches.

Question 41

George, a business analyst at Dion Training, needs to collect, monitor and interpret complex business data and decides to use Oracle’s Database software. This is an example of:

Answer 41

Database software
Overall explanation
Database software allows users to collect, monitor, and interpret complex data. It’s used to manage and organize data in a structured way, serving the analyst’s needs appropriately. Instant messaging software is mainly used for real-time communication and it lacks data management functionalities. While presentation software is vital for displaying information in an appealing manner, it does not possess sophisticated data management or analytical capabilities. Business-specific applications may serve specific, specialized business needs, and do not necessarily handle complex data management and interpretation

Question 42

Which of the following devices is correctly classified with its primary function in a computer system?

Answer 42

Monitor - Output

Overall explanation
A Monitor is indeed an output device. It displays data processed by the computer in a form that is usable and understandable by the user. A mouse is actually an input device. It’s used to enter directions to the computer, making it primary for input, not output. The CPU is the primary processing unit of a computer. It performs most of the processing inside the computer, making this classification incorrect. It’s not primarily for storage. Speakers are output devices. They take the processed digital signal from the computer and convert it into audible sound waves, classifying them as output devices, not input.

Question 42

Ellie is a database administrator for a large company, and she spends most of her time managing and manipulating data within the company’s databases. To perform her daily tasks, she often uses SQL. Considering the nature of her tasks and the language she uses, which of the following statements BEST describes the nature of query languages like SQL?

Answer 42

Query languages are designed to retrieve, insert,
update, and delete data within databases

Overall explanation
Query languages like SQL are specifically designed for managing and manipulating data within databases. They provide commands for retrieving, inserting, updating, and deleting data, making it easier for database administrators like Ellie to manage complex databases effectively. Query languages like SQL are interpreted, meaning each statement is executed one at a time as the interpreter reads it. Query languages are used for data manipulation and management in databases, not for structuring and presenting web content. While SQL and other query languages can be used within scripts to automate database tasks, this is not their primary usage. Languages like Python or JavaScript are more typically used for general scripting and automation tasks.

Question 43

Which of the following wireless communication protocols is the oldest?

Answer 43

802.11b

Overall explanation
The 802.11b standard is the oldest of the provided choices, having been released in 1999. It is thus the most antiquated. 802.11n, standardized in 2009. It is not the oldest standard of the available options. The 802.11g standard, approved in 2003, succeeded 802.11b and predates 802.11n and 802.11ac. Therefore, it doesn’t qualify as the oldest. This standard is more recent than 802.11b, it came out in 2013.

Question 44

Which of the following fundamental data types is used to represent numeric values, such as whole numbers and real numbers, in a programming context?

Answer 44

Numbers

Overall explanation
Numbers represent various types of numeric values in programming, such as integers (whole numbers) and floating-point numbers (real numbers). They are specifically designed to store and process numeric data. Strings are sequences of characters, used to represent text in programming. While numbers could sometimes be represented as text within strings, this data type is not specifically designed for representing and processing numeric values. The Char data type is used to represent individual characters, including letters, digits, or special symbols, in a programming context. It doesn’t represent numeric values as a whole. Boolean data types represent truth values, typically true or false, in programming. They are not used for representing numeric values such as whole numbers or real numbers.

Question 45

John is building a new gaming PC. He wants to ensure that the computer has a high-performance graphics component responsible for rendering detailed and realistic visuals in his games. Which component should John consider for this purpose?

Answer 45

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
Overall explanation
The GPU, or Graphics Processing Unit, is a specialized component designed for rendering and processing graphics. It is responsible for handling complex calculations and rendering high-quality images and animations. GPUs are particularly important for gaming, as they significantly impact the visual quality and performance of games. RAM is a type of volatile memory that provides temporary storage for data that is actively being accessed by the CPU. It plays a crucial role in overall system performance by providing fast and temporary storage for data and instructions. However, it is not directly responsible for graphics processing. The CPU is often referred to as the “brain” of the computer. It performs calculations, executes instructions, and manages data flow within the system. While the CPU contributes to overall system performance, including gaming performance, it is not specifically designed for graphics processing. The motherboard, also known as the system board, is the main circuit board that connects and allows communication between various hardware components in a computer system. While it is a crucial component, it does not directly contribute to graphics processing.

Question 45

Which of the following storage type offers web-based access, and can be easily scaled based on requirements?

Answer 45

Cloud storage service
Overall explanation
Cloud storage services offer web-based access to stored data and can be easily scaled up or down according to individual or organizational requirements, making it the correct answer. A local file server allows for local network access, but scaling capacity typically involves physical hardware modifications and it does not inherently provide web-based access. Flash drives are portable local storage devices that don’t inherently offer web-based access or scalable storage capabilities. Hard drives provide local storage space and they don’t offer web-based access or auto-scaling capabilities.

Question 46

Why should sensitive business information such as product designs, marketing plans, and financial details be stored on media subject to network access controls and/or encryption?

Answer 46

To prevent unauthorized disclosure

Overall explanation
Sensitive business information should be stored on media with network access controls and/or encryption to prevent unauthorized disclosure. This helps to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information. While managing server storage is an important aspect of IT, network access controls and encryption do not directly free up storage space. In reality, encryption and network access controls don’t necessarily make accessing information faster. Instead, they focus on data security. Data transparency usually requires organizations to make certain types of data readily available, which could be at odds with the goal of preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Question 47

Which of the following features in a file system prevents loss of data during power failure?

Answer 47

Journaling

Overall explanation
Journaling in a file system helps prevent data loss during unexpected system shutdowns by keeping a ‘journal’ of changes not yet committed to the main file system. Compression is a feature that reduces the size of files and folders but doesn’t prevent data loss during power failure. Naming rules define how files and folders should be named. They don’t play a role in preventing data loss during power failure. Encryption is used for protecting data from unauthorized access, not for preventing data loss during power loss.

Question 47

John is setting up his home office network and wants to connect his computer to the router using an Ethernet cable. He examines the back of his computer and notices a small rectangular Ethernet port with eight metal contacts. Based on the scenario, which type of connector is commonly used for wired Ethernet connections?

Answer 47

RJ-45

Overall explanation
This is the correct answer. The RJ-45 connector is widely used for wired Ethernet connections. It has eight pins and is capable of transmitting data at high speeds. USB connectors are used for connecting various peripheral devices to a computer, such as printers and external hard drives. They are not specifically designed for Ethernet connections. FireWire connectors, also known as IEEE 1394 connectors, are used for high-speed data transfer between devices like digital cameras and external hard drives. They are not commonly used for Ethernet connections. This type of connector is commonly used for telephone connections. It has four or six pins and is not suitable for Ethernet connections.

Question 48

Andrew, a junior technician at Dion Training, has the task of optimizing CPU usage. How can a task scheduler utility assist him?

Answer 48

Automating tasks during off-peak hours

Overall explanation
By allowing Andrew to schedule heavy-duty tasks to run during off-peak hours, task scheduling can help reduce the load during business hours, optimizing CPU usage. While task scheduler can be used to automate tasks that might indirectly aid in power management, it is not directly responsible for overseeing this functionality. Although a beneficial process for system operation, cleaning up system’s RAM is not directly linked with optimizing CPU usage and the task scheduler doesn’t automatically handle these activities. An indirect relationship could be drawn, but this would not accurately capture the main purpose of a task scheduler. While the task scheduler can improve the efficiency of CPU usage, it unfortunately doesn’t have the ability to enhance the overall performance or boost the speed of the CPU.

Question 49

Which of the following devices is NOT correctly classified with its primary function in a computer system?

Answer 49

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Output
Overall explanation
An HDD is primarily a storage unit in a computer system where data is stored long-term, making this classification incorrect. It should be classified as “Storage”, not as “Output”. The CPU, often called the “brain” of the computer, carries out most of the processing inside the computer, making this classification correct. A keyboard is indeed an input device as it is used to enter data or commands into the system. A monitor is an output device as it presents processed data from the computer in a format perceivable by the user.

Question 50

Alex, a security engineer at Dion Training, wants to prevent unauthorized modification or tampering of data within the organization’s systems. Which of the following threats should he be particularly concerned about?

Answer 50

Unauthorized information alteration

Overall explanation
They should be particularly concerned about the threat of unauthorized information alteration. This threat involves the unauthorized modification, tampering, or alteration of data within the organization’s systems. Preventing unauthorized information alteration often involves implementing access controls, encryption, data integrity checks, and audit trails. A man-in-the-middle attack involves an unauthorized individual intercepting and potentially manipulating the communication between two parties. While it is a security concern, it does not specifically relate to preventing unauthorized modification or tampering of data within the organization’s systems. Impersonation refers to someone pretending to be another person or entity. While impersonation can be a security concern, it does not directly relate to preventing unauthorized modification or tampering of data within the organization’s systems. A replay attack involves capturing and retransmitting legitimate data to deceive a system. While it is a security concern, it does not specifically pertain to preventing unauthorized modification or tampering of data within the organization’s systems.

Question 50

What is the primary goal of restoring access during disaster recovery?

Answer 50

To ensure business continuity

Overall explanation
The primary goal of restoring access during disaster recovery is to ensure business continuity. It involves bringing critical systems back online, enabling employees to resume their work, and minimizing the impact of the disaster on the organization’s operations. While minimizing data loss is an important aspect of disaster recovery, it is not the primary goal of restoring access. Restoring access refers to the process of regaining the ability to use and access IT systems and resources after a disaster or system failure. While improving system performance may be a desirable outcome, it is not the primary goal of restoring access during disaster recovery. While preventing further system failures is an important objective, it is not the primary goal of restoring access. The primary focus is on recovering from the initial system failure and restoring functionality.

Question 51

What is the primary difference between the Unicode and ASCII notational systems?

Answer 51

Unicode can represent a larger number of characters, while ASCII is limited to a set of 128 characters

Overall explanation
The crucial difference between Unicode and ASCII is their character capacity. Unicode has a large character set that includes characters from various languages and scripts worldwide. In contrast, ASCII only has a limited set of 128 characters, focusing mainly on English letters, numbers, and control codes. ASCII was one of the first character encoding standards to gain broad adoption, while Unicode is the newer standard designed to handle a more significant range of characters from different languages. Unicode, not ASCII, that can represent a wider array of characters, including various languages and scripts. It is true that Unicode represents text and special characters, but ASCII is not employed to represent binary values in a compact form. That is a trait of the hexadecimal number system.

Question 52

Alex is a project manager who is troubleshooting some issues in his ongoing project. What should be Alex’s primary reason for documenting the findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes from this troubleshooting process?

Answer 52

To provide a record for future reference

Overall explanation
Documenting findings, lessons learned, actions, and outcomes is crucial for providing a record that can be referred to in the future. It helps in understanding what worked, what didn’t, and how to improve in the future, and can be particularly useful in troubleshooting to guide future actions. Proper documentation should not confuse team members. Instead, it should provide clarity and guidance for future actions, especially during troubleshooting where clear communication is key. While documentation does involve paperwork, it is not unnecessary. It serves a crucial purpose in any project or process, especially during troubleshooting where it can help identify patterns and solutions. Documenting findings and lessons is not a waste of time. It is a valuable part of the learning and improvement process, and can be particularly useful in troubleshooting to avoid repeating the same mistakes.

Question 53

Jake, a network manager at Dion Training, wants to set up an application for his team that doesn’t require internet access but can share data and resources within the team. Which application delivery method should he choose?

Answer 53

Local network hosted

Overall explanation
A local network hosted application is the correct choice as it allows the sharing of data and resources among connected devices, without requiring internet access. A locally installed application can work without the internet, but it doesn’t naturally facilitate shared access to data and resources amongst the team. Although a cloud-hosted application can share data and resources, it requires internet access, which makes it an unsuitable choice for Jake’s requirement. This option involves a combination of both local network and cloud-based solutions. However, it still requires internet access for the cloud-based segments, making it inappropriate for this scenario.

Question 54

What is the primary purpose of fields (or columns) in a Database Management System (DBMS)?

Answer 54

They represent specific categories of data in a table

Overall explanation
Fields (or columns) in a DBMS represent specific categories or attributes of data within a table. Each field contains data for a specific characteristic, like a ‘name’ field in a ‘users’ table. While permissions can be set at various levels within a database, fields or columns don’t directly dictate user permissions. Their primary role is related to data organization within a table. While organizing data into appropriate fields or columns can help with making data retrieval more efficient, their main purpose isn’t to improve database query performance. Enhancing query speed directly is usually done through other means, like indexing or query optimization. Relationships between tables are typically defined using keys (like primary keys and foreign keys) and constraints, not directly by fields or columns.

Question 55

What feature of an antivirus software allows users to configure regular system scans at specific times or intervals?

Answer 55

Scheduled scans
Overall explanation
Scheduled scans allow users to configure the antivirus software to perform regular scans at specific times or intervals. This feature ensures that the system is periodically checked for malware infections, even when the user may not be actively using the computer. On-access scanning is the feature of an antivirus software that automatically scans files and programs in real-time as they are accessed or downloaded. It provides immediate protection against malware threats, but it does not specifically refer to configuring regular system scans at specific times or intervals. Quarantining and remediating infected systems is a feature that isolates detected malware and removes or repairs it. While important for handling infected files, it is not the specific feature related to configuring regular system scans. Heuristic analysis is a technique used by antivirus software to detect previously unknown or zero-day malware based on behavioral patterns. While an important feature, it is not directly related to configuring scheduled scans.

Question 56

Which of the following is the BEST course of action for Sarah if she suspects her mobile device, containing sensitive information, has been stolen?

Answer 56

Inform her colleagues and the IT department about the missing device

Overall explanation
By promptly informing her colleagues and the IT department about the missing device, Sarah ensures that appropriate measures can be taken to secure the company’s information. The IT department can remotely wipe the device or take other necessary steps to mitigate the risk of data breach. Waiting without taking immediate action can be risky, as it provides more time for potential unauthorized access to the sensitive information on the device. Sarah should not delay in reporting the incident and taking necessary precautions. While it’s generally a good practice to change passwords regularly, in this situation, the primary concern is securing the confidential information stored on the missing device. Changing social media passwords alone does not address the potential risks associated with the loss of company data. Posting a public announcement on social media about the lost device is not the recommended action. Sharing information about the lost device on social media can potentially compromise the security of the company’s data and increase the risk of unauthorized access. Sarah should focus on reporting the incident to the relevant authorities within her organization.

Question 57

What protocol is commonly used to receive emails from a mail server?

Answer 57

POP3

Overall explanation
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) is most commonly used by email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used primarily to send, not receive, email messages between email servers. Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol used to translate URLs into IP addresses, not for retrieving emails. HTTP/S (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is a protocol used for transmitting hypertext over secure connections, not for receiving emails from a mail server.

Question 58

Ella, a business owner, prefers a software where she pays an initial fee but doesn’t want any additional costs for software use. Which licensing model is suitable for her?

Answer 58

One-time purchase model

Overall explanation
With this a one-time purchase model, Ella would only incur a one-time initial purchase cost and wouldn’t have to worry about additional costs. While it accommodates multiple users, concurrent license are not specifically associated with initial only cost, as Ella desires. Although it’s free, it may not provide the comprehensive features or support a commercial software would provide. Subscription models require recurring payments over time for the software usage, which Ella does not want.

Question 59

Which type of NIC provides network connectivity through physical cables?

Answer 59

Wired NIC
Overall explanation
A wired NIC (Network Interface Card) uses physical cables, such as Ethernet cables, to establish network connectivity. It enables a computer to connect to a network using wired connections. An on-board NIC refers to a network interface that is integrated into the motherboard of a computer. It can be either wired or wireless, depending on the specific implementation. A wireless NIC, also known as a Wi-Fi adapter, provides network connectivity without the need for physical cables. It allows devices to connect to wireless networks. An add-on card NIC refers to a separate network interface card that is installed in a computer’s expansion slot to provide network connectivity. It can be either wired or wireless.

Question 60

Sarah, a software engineer, is working on a project that involves managing and querying data stored as complex and nested objects. Her team lead suggested using a document database. What makes a document database a suitable choice for handling this type of data?

Answer 60

Document databases store data as flexible documents, often in formats like JSON
Overall explanation
Document databases store data as flexible, self-describing documents, typically but not exclusively in formats like JSON. This allows them to represent complex and hierarchical data efficiently within a single document. One of the key features of document databases is their schema-less nature. They do not require a predefined schema and offer flexibility to store data. Document databases are actually designed to handle complex and nested data quite well. Their nature allows them to easily store and manage data as documents (which can contain nested data), typically in formats like JSON. Document databases do not require a fixed, rigid tabular structure like a relational database does. They are flexible and can manage data in formats like JSON, which supports nested objects.

Question 61

In which of the following scenarios would a database manager need to use the ALTER command?

Answer 61

When there’s a requirement to add a new column to an existing table

Overall explanation
The ALTER command is used to add, delete/drop or modify columns in an existing table. The DELETE command, not the ALTER command, is used to remove records from a table. The SELECT statement, not the ALTER command, is used to retrieve data from a database. The CREATE command, not the ALTER command, is used to create a new table in the database