CompTIA A+ 1101 - 4.0 Virtualization & Cloud Computing Flashcards
Virtualization
Software that allows a host computer to run multiple guest operating systems known as Virtual Machines
HyperVisor / VMM
Virtual Machine Management
Software that creates, runs and manages guest VM’s on a host machine.
Client-side Virtualization
Any solution designed to be run on desktops or workstations, allowing users to interact with the virtualization host directly.
Virtual Labs; supporting legacy software; Developing Environments; Training
Server-side Virtualization
A solution where one or more virtual servers are created on a physical server, acting independently like separate machines.
Type-2 Hypervisor
Application Virtualization
Install software to server and stream to clients
Container Virtualization
Run apps within an isolated virtual workspace
Type-2 HyperVisor
A host-based hypervisor in which you install the host operating system first, then the hypervisor.
Eg; Oracle Virtual Box, VMware Workstation
Hardware -> OS -> Hypervisor -> Guest OS
Type-1 HyperVisor
A bare-metal hypervisor that you install directly onto the servers hardware.
Eg; VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V, Linux KVM
Hardware -> Hypervisor - OS
SLAT
Second-level Address Translation (SLAT) is a hardware virtualization technology that reduces hypervisor overhead, allowing for greater utilization of hardware resources for the VM
Intel - EPT
AMD - RVI
CPU Manufacturers Instruction Sets for Virtualization
Intel - VT-x
AMD - AMD-v
Systematic Multi-Processing
SMP
When you have more than one physical processor for use in an industrial server, to accomodate VM’s
Rogue VM
A virtual machine that has been installed without authorization.
VM Sprawl
The uncontrolled development of more and more virtual machines.
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
A rating on a device or component that predicts the expected time between failures.
VM Escaping
An instance of malware that can jump to either the Host or another guest OS.
Cloud Computing Components
Resource Allocation
Rapid Elasticity
Resource Pooling
On-demand Self-service
Measured Service
Rapid Elasticity
Refers to the systems ability to handle changes in demand in real-time.
Measured Service
A providers (Microsoft, Amazon etc) ability to control and bill a customers use of resources.
Common Cloud Models
Private Cloud (On-Premise, hosted by companies themselves)
Public Cloud (Azure, AWS.. You share the providers resources with other companies)
Community Cloud (Where multiple tenants share a private pool of resources; Dentists of America etc)
Hybrid Cloud (Private/Public combined)
IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
A cloud model wherein the client makes use of a providers hardware to establish their own virtual network, spinning up servers/data centres etc.
Eg; Microsoft Azure, AWS, GoDaddy, WordPress
SaaS
Software as a Service
A cloud model wherein the client makes use of a providers software for use in their enterprise environment
Eg; Office 365, DropBox, Gmail, SalesForce
PaaS
Platform as a Service
A cloud model wherein the client utilizes fully pre-configured systems from the provider, and passes the maintenance responsiblities to the provider.
Eg; Microsoft Azure, AWS
IaaS Components
Server, Storage, Network.
Used by Infrastructure Architects
SaaS Components
Server, Storage, Network, OS & Middleware, Packaged Software
Used by End-Users
PaaS Components
Server, Storage, Network, OS & Middleware
Used by Software Developers
Cloud Providers
Microsoft Azure
AWS
Google Cloud
IBM Cloud
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
VDI
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
Using a VM as a way to provision and manage corporate desktops
VDE
Virtual Desktop Environment
The virtual desktop/workspace used by end-users
Thin Client
Low-spec PC intended for remote access to a VM for use by employees / end users
Application Virtualization
Instead of running the entire end-user desktop in a VM, they access an application hosted on a server or stream the app.
Virtual Application Streaming
Just enough of the program is installed on the end-user device to utilize both the external hardware, and the desktops own.
Container Virtualization
Enforces separation at the application & resource use level by creating separate instances of OS’s for use by end-users.
SDN
Software Defined Networking
A software based network environment that can imitate hardware networks in a virtual infrastructure.
Utilizes Data & Control planes to virtualise NAT, packet analysis etc…
Planes of Operation in Network Devices (Routers, Switches etc…)
Data, Control & Management
Application Layer / Management Plane
- Configure and manage the device
- SSH, API, Browser…
Control Layer / Control Plane
The part of a network that controls how data is forwarded, while the data plane or forwarding plane is the actual forwarding process.
- Manages the actions of the Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane
- Routing tables, session tables, NAT
- Used in SDN (Software Defined Networking)
Control Layer / Control Plane
The part of a network that controls how data is forwarded, while the data plane or forwarding plane is the actual forwarding process.
- Manages the actions of the Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane
- Routing tables, session tables, NAT
- Dynamic routing protocol updates
- Part of Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Infrastructure Layer / Data Plane
The infrastructure layer enables a software system to interact with external systems by receiving, storing and providing data when requested.
- Processes the network frames & packets
- Forwarding, trunking, encryption & NAT
- Part of SDN (Software Defined Networking)
