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ComptiA A+ 1101 > CompTIA A+ 1101 - 2.0 Networking > Flashcards

CompTIA A+ 1101 - 2.0 Networking Flashcards

1
Q

SOHO

A

Small Office / Home Office

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2
Q

SMB

A

Server Message Block - Commonly used for File Sharing

Port 139 - (Pre Windows 2000)

Port 445

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3
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation.

It’s a way to map multiple local private addresses to a public one before transferring the information. Organizations that want multiple devices to employ a single IP address use NAT, as do most home routers.

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4
Q

NFC (Near Field Communication)

A

A very short-range communication method where a wireless signal is sent between two devices that are touching or nearly touching each other

424Kbps speed with 4cm range

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5
Q

Bluetooth

A

Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for transmitting data over short distances. It uses radio waves on a particular frequency for data transmission from device to device

3Mbps with 10 Meter Range

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6
Q

802.11ac

A

Wi-Fi 5

6.9Gbps with 100 Meter Range

8x DL MU-MIMO

RF of 5Ghz

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7
Q

802.11g

A

Legacy

54Mbps with 100 Meter Range

RF of 2.4Ghz

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8
Q

802.11a

A

Legacy

54Mbps with 50 Meter Range

RF of 5Ghz

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9
Q

802.11b

A

Legacy

11Mbps with 10 Meter Range

RF of 2.4Ghz

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10
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network

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11
Q

WAP

A

Wireless Access Point

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12
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless Local Area Network

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13
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol

A standard communication protocol used for the transfer of files from a server to a client.

Port 20 - For Data Flow

Port 21 - Controls the data flow

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14
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell Protocol

SSH is widely used by network administrators to manage systems and applications remotely, enabling them to log in to another computer over a network, execute commands and move files from one computer to another.

Port 22

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15
Q

Telnet

A

Telnet is a network protocol used to virtually access a computer and to provide a two-way, collaborative and text-based communication channel between two machines.

Port 23

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16
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

An Internet standard communication protocol for electronic mail transmission.

Port 25

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17
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System

Phonebook of the Internet / Network

Port 53

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18
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A network management protocol used on Internet Protocol networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices connected to the network using a client–server architecture.

UDP Port 67 - For Servers

UDP Port 68 - For Clients

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19
Q

HTTP

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol

An application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information.

The set of rules for transferring files – such as text, images, sound, video and other multimedia files – over the web

Port 80

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20
Q

POP3

A

Post Office Protocol 3

An application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. (Outlook etc)

Port 110

Secure Port 995

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21
Q

NetBIOS

A

Network Basic Input Output System

A network service that enables applications on different computers to communicate with each other across a local area network. Mostly used for legacy app support now.

Port 137, 138 and 139

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22
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Mail Access Protocol

A method of accessing and storing mail on a mail server.

Port 143

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23
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol

A networking protocol used for the management and monitoring of network-connected devices in Internet Protocol (IP) networks

Port 161 - SNMP Manager sends commands to Clients

Port 162 - SNMP Client sends a response to the Manager

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24
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

The common use of LDAP is to provide a central place for authentication – meaning it stores usernames and passwords. (Active Directory)

Port 389

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25
Q

HTTPS

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

Used for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. Encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Port 443

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26
Q

RDP

A

Remote Desktop Protocol

A proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection

Port TCP 3389

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27
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network

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28
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network

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29
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

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30
Q

DMARC

A

Domain Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance.

An email authentication, policy, and reporting protocol that builds on DKIM and SPF

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31
Q

DKIM

A

DomainKeys Identified Mail

An email authentication technique that allows the receiver to check that an email was indeed sent and authorized by the owner of that domain.

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32
Q

SPF

A

Sender Policy Framework

Lets you publish a DNS record of all the domains or IP addresses you use to send email.

Receiving email services check the record and know to treat email from anywhere else as spam.

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33
Q

Twisted Pair Cable

A

Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring used for communications in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility.

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34
Q

Cat5

A

Cat5 cables can carry data, telephone and video signals and have a maximum recommended length of 328 feet (100 meters) and are “crimped” into Ethernet connectors.

Cat5 provides a throughput of 100Mbps

Cat5e is the latest iteration, with throughput of 1,000Mbps

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35
Q

Cat6

A

Cat6 cables can carry data, telephone and video signals and have a maximum recommended length of 328 feet (100 meters)

Cat6 has a throughput of 10Gbps.

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36
Q

Coaxial Cable

A

A coaxial cable is a type of shielded and insulated copper cable that is used in computer networks and to deliver cable TV services to end users. It was first commercially implemented in the early 1940s and is used for both baseband and broadband data communication services

Terminates with an RG-6 Connector

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37
Q

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

A

Shielded twisted pair (STP) is a special kind of copper telephone and local area network (LAN) wiring used in some business installations. It adds an outer covering or shield that functions as a ground to ordinary twisted pair wiring.

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38
Q

Plenum

A

Spaces above / below rooms that allow for fire-retardent electrical cabling to be routed throughout the building.

Plenum Cables include Cat5, Cat6 etc…

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39
Q

Optical Cable

A

An optical cable transfers audio digitally, but instead of copper wire, light is used.

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40
Q

Fibre-Optic Cable

A

Fiber optics is used for long-distance and high-performance data networking

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41
Q

T568A - T568B

A

Twisted Pair Wiring Schemes

Cabling for commercial buildings, and between buildings in campus environments.

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42
Q

SMF

A

Single-Mode Fiber

Long Range Fiber Optic Cabling (up to 100km)

10Gbps +

Used for WAN’s and long distance cabling

43
Q

MMF

A

Multi-Mode Fiber

Short Range Fiber Optic Cabling (up to 2km)

10Gbps +

Used for LAN’s and direct Hub to House connections

44
Q

Fiber Optic Connector Types

A

Straight Tip (ST)

Subscriber Connector (SC)

Lucent/Local Connector (LC)

45
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Card

46
Q

Switch

A

Core appliance of modern networks, connecting devices to one another in a LAN.

47
Q

Hub

A

Obsolete multiport repeater replaced by the switch.

Would broadcast to all ports instead of requesting specific MAC address information, creating large slowdowns in network speed.

48
Q

Repeater

A

Obsolete signal re-transmitter that would revitalise a long distance connection to prevent attenuation

Switches do this automatically in modern networks.

49
Q

Attenuation

A

The loss of data over long distances (Example; if a Cat5 cable went further than 100 meters, the charge carrying that data would be exhausted and would dissipate)

50
Q

Bridge

A

Obsolete.

Would divide networks into segments to reduce collision.

We now use a “managed switch” to achieve this as ports can be segmented/grouped.

51
Q

PoE

A

Power over Ethernet

52
Q

Unmanaged Switch

A

Universal Plug n Play, found in smaller networks (4 or 8 port switches) and embedded in most home routers

53
Q

Managed Switch

A

Used within larger corporate networks by linking/daisy-chaining switches together

Can divide into virtual LANs.

  • Can priotize certain types of traffic (VoiP gets priority by default)
54
Q

QoS

A

Quality of Service

55
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol

A

Eliminates bad/unresolvable requests over the network by destroying the data remnants after a period of time.

56
Q

Port Mirroring

A

Mirrored/reflected information sent over the network and picked up by a monitoring device for network management.

57
Q

MAC Address

A

Media Access Control Address

Otherwise known as the physical, or hardware address.

58
Q

802.11n

A

Wi-Fi 4

150Mgbs with 70 Meter Range

4 x MIMO

59
Q

802.11ax

A

Wi-Fi 6

9.6Gbps with 70 Meter Range

8 x DL / UL MU-MIMO

60
Q

MIMO

A

Multiple Input/Output

61
Q

MU-MIMO

A

Multi-User Multiple Input/Output

62
Q

DL MU-MIMO

A

Downlink Multiple User, Multiple Input/Output

63
Q

DL/UL MU-MIMO

A

Downlink/Uplink Multiple User, Multiple Input/Output

64
Q

2.4Ghz

A

Longer Wavelength, Longer Range and propagates better through solids (BASE)

Increased risk of interference

Slower speeds than 5Ghz

Up to 14 Channels, with considerable overlap.

Channels 1, 6 and 11 can be used without interfering with one another.

65
Q

5Ghz

A

Shorter range, less effective at solid surface penetration

Fast data rates and more individual channels

15 Individual channels with no overlap whatsoever (Meaning more WAN’s in a small environment and higher client device density)

66
Q

ONT / FTTP

A

Optical Network Terminal / Fibre to the Premises

The point of entry for the ISP’s fibre network into your premises

67
Q

WISP

A

Wireless Internet Service Providers

Delivering Internet by way of ground based wireless antenna technology, via Wi-Fi, 5G or other equipment.

Used in rural areas where wired network may not be possible.

68
Q

TCP/IP

A

A suite of rules & protocols that are used to standardize data transfer between systems.

This is the main language used on the internet.

(IE; China and the US don’t talk the same language, but their machines do)

Divided into 4 layers

69
Q

Application Layer

A

The layer of TCP/IP that is responsible for interaction utilizing ports.

For example; DHCP, FTP, SMTP, HTTP etc….

70
Q

Transport Layer

A

The Layer of TCP-IP responsible for TCP & UDP.

Can be configured for speed and less security (UDP) or the opposite (TCP)

71
Q

Internet Layer

A

The Layer of TCP/IP referring to IP addresses and their linkage

72
Q

Link Layer

A

The Layer of TCP/IP referring to Ethernet and Wi-FI.

Otherwise known as the method of transport

73
Q

Maximum number of hops before TTL (Time to Live) obliterates the data package

A

30

74
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

Secure, reliable protocol that facilitates successful delivery at the cost of speed.

Connection-oriented, meaning it maintains acknowledgements from the destination to ensure delivery of data.

75
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

Speed focused protocol that prioitizes fast delivery of data over security.

Connectionless, meaning it doesn’t need acknowledgements from the target and can tolerate missing or out of order packets.

76
Q

(A) Records

A

This DNS record type is for IPv4 Addresses and associates the hostname with an IP address.

You can modify the A record to change the host name -> IP Address resolution

77
Q

(AAAA) Records

A

This DNS record type is for IPv6 addresses and associates the IP address with a hostname.

Hostname -> IPv6 Record

78
Q

MX Record

A

Mail Exchanger record, this determines a name for the mail server (Not its IP Address)

79
Q

FQDN

A

Fully Qualified Domain Name

80
Q

WEP

A

A legacy Wi-Fi security protocol, since replaced in favour of WPA / WPA2

81
Q

WPA / WPA2

A

Modern Wi-Fi security protocol that uses TKIP.

Developed to meet 802.11i standards.

82
Q

UTM

A

Unified Threat Management

Single appliance/gateway that performs multiple security functions

83
Q

Network Security Functions

A

Firewalls
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Anti-Virus/Anti-Malware solutions (SOPHOS, Symantec etc..)
Spam Gateways
Content Filters
Data Leak/Loss Prevention Systems (DLP)

84
Q

SCADA / ICS

A

Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition / Industrial Control System

System of software and hardware elements that allows industrial organizations to: Control industrial processes locally or at remote locations. Monitor, gather, and process real-time data.

Eg; Oil & Gas Processing, Energy, Water & Waste….

85
Q

PLC

A

Programmable Logic Controller

PLC’s are linked by a cabled network to actuators that operate valves, motors, temperature gauges and sensors.

86
Q

HMI

A

Human-machine Interface

Output and configuration of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is done by an HMI.

87
Q

OT Network

A

Operational Technology Network

An embedded system network that is distinguishable from an IT network by its usage in industrial automation and isolation from the Internet.

88
Q

Network Firewall

A

Inspects all traffic coming inline towards the LAN from external sources and intercepts depending on legitimacy.

Filters based on:
IP Address
Protocol ID/Type
Port

89
Q

Host Firewall

A

Installed on host machines (standard end user device)

Inspects traffic coming into the host from external sources.

Filters based on:
IP
Port
Protocol
Software
Users
Services / Processes

90
Q

MAC Filtering

A

Security feature for Firewalls, Switches and Access Points.

Can whitelist/blacklist devices based on MAC addresses, good for SOHO

91
Q

Remote Desktop

A

Allows a user to connect to a desktop remotely via TCP port 3389

Can be configured to work from outside the company network.

Not enabled by default and needs configuring in Windows OS beforehand.

92
Q

Remote Assistance

A

Allows a user to request help from a technician (often sidebarred in favour of 3rd party software like Bomgar, Teamviewer etc…)

Operates within the company network, doesn’t support external connections.

Enabled by default on Windows OS

93
Q

RDPRA

A

Remote Desktop Protocol Restricted Admin mode

Helps to keep RDP sessions more secure by using encryption and constant background authentication.

94
Q

SFTP

A

Secure File Transfer Protocol

Combining SSH administration and FTP, this a a secure method of transferring files on a network.

Authenticates using:
Username/Password, Kerboros, Host based, Public/Private key

95
Q

VNC

A

Freeware RDP software for screen sharing that doesn’t include connection security, unlike commercial software like Teamviewer etc…

TCP Port 5900

96
Q

Windows Editions that support RDP

A

Professional, Enterprise & Ultimate

97
Q

Ping Loopback Command

A

Ping 127.0.0.1 to ping the computer itself

98
Q

Netstat Command

A

Used to verify the ports that are in use.

the “-b” switch can associate running software with the ports they’re using.

99
Q

Z-Wave

A

Wireless Protocol for Domestic IoT Technology.

Allows smart devices to connect and exchange control commands and data with each other.

100
Q

ZigBee

A

2.4Ghz Wireless Protocol for Domestic IoT Technology.

Allows up to 65,000 smart devices to connect and exchange control commands and data with each other.

101
Q

802.3af

A

Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard that provides up to 15.4w of DC power on each port.

102
Q

802.3at

A

Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard (also known as PoE+ / PoE Plus) that provides up to 25.5w of power for Type 2 devices.

103
Q

802.3bt

A

Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard (also known as PoE++ / 4PPoE) that provides two additional power types:

51w of power delivered to Type 3 devices

71.3w of power delivered to Type 4 devices

ComptiA A+ 1101 (6 decks)

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