Comps - Psychopathology (Disorders) Flashcards
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
A group of disorders that present in early childhood; characterized by marked deficits in brain processing that result in impairments in social, personal, or academic performance.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Deficits in intellectual ability such as, reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience. Onset during developmental period. (Severity Specifiers range from mild-profound).
Intellectual Functioning
Reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.
Adaptive Functioning
Failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.
ID Comorbidities
ADHD, ASD, MDD, GAD, BP1/2
ID Cultural Considerations
Beliefs about supernatural influences and punishment for presumes of actual wrongdoing by the parents. Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with mild and severe.
ID Etiology
Genetics, teratogens exposure in utero, brain malformations, TBI, seizure disorders.
ID Differentials
Neurocognitive Disorders: Dementia, Alzheimer’s (Progression of loss of cognitive symptoms versus stable (ID)). SLD: reading, written, math, combination (Limited to learning deficits, no intellectual/adaptive). ASD (Social-communication and behavior deficits; ID is stable. Complicates ID assessment).
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts (social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and difficulties in relationships) in social interaction. Restrictive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (stereotypes/repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, highly restricted/fixated interests/sensory sensitivity). Onset during the developmental period. (Specifiers range from “requiring support” to “requiring very substantial support.”
Social-Emotional Reciprocity
Abnormal social approach; reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; difficulty in social interactions.
Nonverbal Communication
Abnormal eye contact/body language/gestures/facial expressions.
Difficulties in Relationships
Adjusting behaviors, engaging in imaginative play, absence of interest in peers.
Stereotyped/Repetitive Motor Movements
Stimming, rocking.
Insistence on Sameness
Routines, food, clothes
Highly Restricted/Fixated Interests
Strong attachment/preoccupation
Sensory Sensitivity
Textures, sounds, temperature
ASD Comorbidities
MDD, GAD, ID, SLD, ADHD, ARFID
ASD Cultural Considerations
Males diagnosed more than females. African American children are misdiagnosed with adjustment or conduct disorder. Age discrepancies in diagnosis of diverse kids.
ASD Etiology
High heritability, advanced parental age, teratogens.
ASD Differentials
ADHD (Developmental course, absence of restricted/repetitive behaviors/unusual interests). ID (Social communication and interaction are significantly impaired relative to the development of nonverbal skills (ASD). No apparent discrepancy between level of social communication skills and other intellectual skills (ID)). OCD (Contamination, organization, compulsions (OCD - repetitive behavior). Motor movements (ASD - repetitive behavior)). Schizophrenia (Positive symptoms, normal childhood development). Personality Disorders (Developmental course is earlier in ASD).
Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
A persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12 though diagnosis can happen at any time. Present in 2 or more settings, and interferes with social, academic, or occupational functioning. Specifiers for inattentive type, hyperactive type, or combined type.
Inattention
Difficulty with attention to details, sustaining attention, listening, following through on instructions, organizing tasks/activities. Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort. Loses things often, easily distracted, forgetful in daily activities.
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Fidgets, leaves seat often/climbs appropriately, unable to engage in leisure activities, often “on the go,” talks excessively, blurts out an answer, difficulty waiting turn, interrupts others.
ADHD Comorbidities
ODD, ASD, PD, SUDs